"Molecular biology is the study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules."
The study of the structure and function of molecules within cells.
Cell structure: An understanding of the structure of the cell and its organelles is crucial in molecular biology. This includes the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoplasm.
Nucleic acids: Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and a basic knowledge of their structure and function is essential in molecular biology. This includes the different types of nucleotides and how they are paired in DNA.
Proteins: Proteins are crucial in molecular biology since they are the building blocks of cells and play important roles in cell signaling and gene expression. This includes the different types of proteins and their roles in cells.
DNA replication: DNA replication is the process by which cells copy their genetic material before cell division. Understanding this process is essential in molecular biology since it is the basis of inheritance and genetic disease.
Transcription: Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA, and a basic understanding of this process is necessary in molecular biology. This includes the different types of RNA involved in transcription.
Translation: Translation is the process by which RNA is used to make proteins, and it is essential in molecular biology. This includes the different steps involved in translation and the types of molecules involved.
Genetics: Genetics is the study of genes, inheritance, and how traits are passed from one generation to the next. A basic knowledge of genetics is essential in molecular biology.
Epigenetics: Epigenetics refers to the changes in gene expression that occur without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Understanding epigenetics is crucial in molecular biology since it can affect the development of diseases and other traits.
Recombinant DNA technology: Recombinant DNA technology is the use of DNA manipulation techniques to create new combinations of genes. It is used in genetic research, gene therapy, and other applications.
PCR: PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify DNA in vitro. It is used in numerous applications in molecular biology, including genetic research and diagnostic testing.
Gel electrophoresis: Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA or proteins based on their size and charge. It is used in a wide range of applications in molecular biology, including genetic research and diagnostic testing.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing: CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a technique used to manipulate genes in living organisms. It is used in genetic research and gene therapy.
Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics is the use of computer programming and data analysis to study biological information. It is used in a wide range of molecular biology applications, including genetic research and drug development.
Genomics: The study of the structure, function, and evolution of genomes.
Proteomics: The study of the structure, function, and interactions of proteins.
Metabolomics: The study of the small molecule metabolites produced by cells.
Transcriptomics: The study of the transcriptome, or the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by a cell or population.
Epigenomics: The study of the modifications to DNA and histones that regulate gene expression.
Synthetic biology: The design and construction of new biological systems and devices.
Bioinformatics: The development and application of computational techniques for the analysis of biological data.
Molecular genetics: The study of the inheritance and expression of genes.
Structural biology: The study of the three-dimensional structure of biological molecules.
Cell biology: The study of the structure and function of cells.
Developmental biology: The study of the processes by which multicellular organisms grow and develop.
Immunology: The study of the immune system and its response to pathogens.
Neurobiology: The study of the nervous system and its function.
Biophysics: The study of the physical principles governing the behavior of biological systems.
Virology: The study of viruses and viral diseases.
Cancer biology: The study of the biology of cancer and the development of strategies for its prevention and treatment.
"It seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"The term molecular biology was first used in 1945 by physicist William Astbury."
"In 1953, Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues created the double helix model of DNA."
"They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins."
"This led to the discovery of DNA material in other microorganisms, plants, and animals."
"The field of molecular biology includes techniques which enable scientists to learn about molecular processes."
"These techniques can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology."
"Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy."
"The use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"[Molecular biology] seeks to uncover the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions."
"The goals include understanding biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues working at the Medical Research Council Unit, Cavendish Laboratory."
"It is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells."
"Previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins contributed to the understanding of the DNA structure."
"Molecular biology enables scientists to learn about molecular processes, aiding in drug targeting, disease diagnosis, and cell physiology understanding."
"It provided important insights into the structure and function of DNA in various organisms."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity."