Quote: "They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base."
Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and a basic knowledge of their structure and function is essential in molecular biology. This includes the different types of nucleotides and how they are paired in DNA.
Structure of nucleotides: This topic covers the structure of the building blocks of nucleic acids, including the sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
DNA structure: This topic covers the double helix structure of DNA and the role of hydrogen bonding between base pairs.
RNA structure: This topic covers the different types of RNA molecules and their respective functions.
DNA replication: This topic covers the process by which DNA is duplicated prior to cell division.
DNA transcription: This topic covers the process by which DNA is used to generate RNA molecules.
RNA processing: This topic covers the various modifications that occur to RNA molecules after transcription, including splicing and capping.
Translation: This topic covers the process by which RNA is used to generate proteins.
Genetic code: This topic covers the set of rules by which RNA sequences are interpreted to produce proteins.
Gene expression regulation: This topic covers the various mechanisms by which genes can be turned on or off.
Epigenetics: This topic covers the study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without changes to the underlying DNA sequence.
DNA repair mechanisms: This topic covers the various ways that DNA can be repaired when it becomes damaged.
Recombination: This topic covers the process by which DNA molecules can be rearranged to produce new genetic combinations.
DNA sequencing: This topic covers the different methods used to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Genome analysis: This topic covers the study of entire sets of genes in organisms and the interplay between genes.
Synthetic biology: This topic covers the design and construction of new biological systems using principles from molecular biology.
MicroRNA (miRNA): :.
Quote: "The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)."
Quote: "If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a version of ribose, the polymer is DNA."
Quote: "These acids are very common in all living things, where they create, encode, and store information in every living cell of every life-form on Earth."
Quote: "They carry information in cells and make up genetic material."
Quote: "In turn, they send and express that information inside and outside the cell nucleus."
Quote: "This gives the RNA and DNA their unmistakable 'ladder-step' order of nucleotides within their molecules."
Quote: "Both play a crucial role in directing protein synthesis."
Quote: "The bases found in RNA and DNA are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil."
Quote: "Thymine occurs only in DNA."
Quote: "Uracil occurs only in RNA."
Quote: "Using amino acids and protein synthesis, the specific sequence in DNA of these nucleobase-pairs helps to keep and send coded instructions as genes."
Quote: "RNA usually forms a chain of single bases, whereas DNA forms a chain of base pairs."
Quote: "In RNA, base-pair sequencing helps to make new proteins that determine most chemical processes of all life forms."
Quote: "They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base."
Quote: "If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a version of ribose, the polymer is DNA."
Quote: "These acids...create, encode, and store information in every living cell of every life-form on Earth."
Quote: "Both play a crucial role in directing protein synthesis."
Quote: "This gives the RNA and DNA their unmistakable 'ladder-step' order of nucleotides within their molecules."
Quote: "They carry information in cells and make up genetic material...in every living cell of every life-form on Earth."