"The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life."
An understanding of the structure of the cell and its organelles is crucial in molecular biology. This includes the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoplasm.
Basic cell models and theories: An overview of the cell model, including the endosymbiotic theory, plasma membrane, and cytoplasmic components.
Cell size and shape: A study of cell morphology, size, and shape, including how these affect cell structure and function.
Cell organelles: An in-depth look at the various organelles found in cells, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc.
Cytoskeleton: A review of the protein network that provides structural support and regulates movement, growth, and division in cells.
Membrane transport: A study of the movement of molecules across cell membranes through various pathways, including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport.
Cell signaling: An exploration of the mechanisms by which cells communicate with one another, including signaling pathways and receptors.
DNA and RNA: A detailed look at the structure and function of DNA and RNA, including their role in protein synthesis.
Protein structure and function: An examination of the structure of proteins, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure, and the role they play in various cellular processes.
Protein synthesis: An overview of the process through which cells synthesize proteins from amino acids, including transcription and translation.
Cell division: A detailed review of the process of cell division, including mitosis and meiosis.
Apoptosis: A study of programmed cell death, including its role in development, disease, and aging.
Stem cells: An exploration of the biology of stem cells, including their potential use in regenerative medicine.
Cancer and cell biology: A overview of the relationship between cancer and cell biology, including the molecular mechanisms that drive the development and progression of cancer.
Nucleus: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell, i.e., DNA.
Mitochondria: Mitochondria are powerhouses of the cell that are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs that is involved in protein synthesis, processing, and transport.
Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus is another membrane-bound organelle that is responsible for the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion.
Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes, which break down cellular waste and foreign material.
Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are small membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are small, non-membranous organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis.
Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton is a complex network of protein fibers that provides structural support for the cell, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement.
Cell membrane: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell and regulates the flow of materials in and out of the cell.
Centrosome: The centrosome is a small organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in cell division and the organization of the cytoskeleton.
Flagella: Flagella are long, whip-like structures that protrude from the cell and are involved in cell movement.
Cilia: Cilia are short, hair-like structures that protrude from the cell and are involved in cell movement and the movement of materials across the cell surface.
Vacuoles: Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that are involved in the storage of water, nutrients, and waste materials.
Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis and the production of energy-rich compounds.
Cell wall: The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides structural support and protection for the cell.
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites."
"The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'."
"Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as replication, DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility."
"Most plant and animal cells are only visible under a light microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres."
"Electron microscopy gives a much higher resolution showing greatly detailed cell structure."
"Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell such as bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals)."
"It has been estimated that the human body contains around 37 trillion (3.72×1013) cells."
"The human brain accounts for around 80 billion of these cells."
"The study of cells and how they work has led to many other studies in related areas of biology, including: discovery of DNA, cancer systems biology, aging and developmental biology."
"Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665."
"[Robert Hooke] named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery."
"Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells."
"Cells emerged on Earth about 4 billion years ago."
"The study of cells and how they work has led to many other studies in related areas of biology, including: discovery of DNA, cancer systems biology, aging and developmental biology."
"Cells are capable of specialization and mobility within the cell."
"Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility."
"Most unicellular organisms are classed as microorganisms."
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites."
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane."