- "Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination... bringing together genetic material from multiple sources."
Recombinant DNA technology is the use of DNA manipulation techniques to create new combinations of genes. It is used in genetic research, gene therapy, and other applications.
DNA structure: Understanding the basic structure of DNA, including base pairing and the double helix structure.
DNA replication: The process by which DNA is duplicated when a cell divides.
Gene expression: The process by which genes are turned on or off to produce proteins.
Transcription: The process by which DNA is copied into RNA.
Translation: The process by which RNA is used to make a protein.
Genetic engineering: The manipulation of DNA to produce new or modified organisms.
Plasmids: Circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can be used as a vector for genetic engineering.
Restriction enzymes: Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites, allowing for targeted manipulation of DNA.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): A technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA.
Cloning: The process of making a genetically identical copy of an organism.
Site-directed mutagenesis: The process of introducing a specific mutation into a gene.
DNA sequencing: The process of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Gene libraries: Collections of cloned genes that can be manipulated and studied.
Gene therapy: The use of genetic engineering to treat genetic disorders.
Transgenic organisms: Organisms that have been genetically modified by inserting foreign genes.
CRISPR-Cas9: A powerful gene editing tool that can be used to make precise modifications to the genome.
Synthetic biology: The design and synthesis of novel biological systems and components.
Bioinformatics: The use of computer science and statistics to analyze biological data.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): This technique amplifies a tiny piece of DNA millions of times in a matter of hours. It is used to detect and identify DNA in a clinical sample, trace mutations and genetic defects, and create new fragments of DNA.
DNA cloning: In this technique, a specific gene or piece of DNA is introduced into a host cell, or natural plasmid, for replication. The result is the creation of many identical copies of the original DNA fragment in the host cell.
Restriction enzymes: Used to cut DNA into fragments, which then can be further analyzed or manipulated. DNA is cut predictably and reproducibly at specific sequences using different types of restriction enzymes. The cut fragments of DNA can be assembled in different ways to create new sequences.
CRISPR-Cas9: Genome editing tool used to "cut" and "paste" specific DNA sequences, thereby allowing scientists to modify genes in a precise manner. It has revolutionized gene editing by providing a powerful and efficient tool to insert, remove, or replace genes.
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): Technique used for studying gene expression, where RNA is first converted to cDNA before amplification by PCR. This allows the quantification of mRNA transcripts in a cell or tissue sample.
Site-directed mutagenesis: Used to modify specific regions of DNA sequences. Scientists can create site-specific mutations to study the functions of individual nucleotides or to create customized proteins.
DNA synthesis: Allows the creation of entirely new DNA sequences, useful in creating new synthetic DNA vaccines and drugs.
- "Recombinant DNA is possible because DNA molecules from all organisms share the same chemical structure... differing only in the nucleotide sequence."
- "Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA because they can be made of material from two different species like the mythical chimera."
- "rDNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends."
- "The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any species."
- "DNA sequences that do not occur anywhere in nature can be created by the chemical synthesis of DNA and incorporated into recombinant DNA molecules."
- "Proteins that can result from the expression of recombinant DNA within living cells are termed recombinant proteins."
- "Expression of foreign proteins requires the use of specialized expression vectors and often necessitates significant restructuring by foreign coding sequences."
- "Recombinant DNA differs from genetic recombination in that the former results from artificial methods while the latter is a normal biological process..."
- "Laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning)..."
- "Using recombinant DNA technology and synthetic DNA, any DNA sequence can be created and introduced into living organisms."
- "rDNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends."
- "Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA because they can be made of material from two different species like the mythical chimera."
- "DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any species."
- "DNA sequences that do not occur anywhere in nature can be created by the chemical synthesis of DNA and incorporated into recombinant DNA molecules."
- "Proteins that can result from the expression of recombinant DNA within living cells are termed recombinant proteins."
- "Expression of foreign proteins requires the use of specialized expression vectors and often necessitates significant restructuring by foreign coding sequences."
- "Recombinant DNA differs from genetic recombination in that the former results from artificial methods while the latter is a normal biological process..."
- "Recombinant DNA is possible because DNA molecules from all organisms share the same chemical structure... differing only in the nucleotide sequence."
- "Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA because they can be made of material from two different species like the mythical chimera."