"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
Recognizing the interconnectedness of social categories such as race, gender, class and sexual orientation.
History of Intersectionality: This topic focuses on the development and evolution of intersectionality, tracing the origins of the concept and the various movements and research that contributed to its formation.
Social Categories: This topic explores the social categories that intersect and shape individuals' experiences, such as race, class, gender, sexuality, religion, and ability.
Intersectional Identities: This topic delves into the complex and overlapping identities that result from the intersection of social categories, investigating how individuals navigate and experience them.
Intersectional Analysis: This topic provides an overview of intersectional analysis, which involves examining the ways in which multiple social categories intersect and shape individuals' experiences and social inequalities.
Power and Privilege: This topic examines the ways in which power and privilege play a role in shaping individuals' experiences, particularly in structuring social inequalities along intersecting social categories.
Oppression and Marginalization: This topic explores the various forms of oppression and marginalization that individuals experience as a result of their intersecting identities and the impact of these experiences on their lives.
Intersectionality and Activism: This topic discusses the role of intersectionality in activism and social justice work, highlighting the importance of addressing social inequalities that are intersectional in nature.
Intersectionality in Literature and Media: This topic examines the representation of intersecting identities in literature and media, and how these representations can serve to challenge or reinforce social inequities.
Intersectionality and Law: This topic discusses the role of intersectionality in legal frameworks, examining the ways in which laws and policies can either reinforce or challenge intersecting social inequalities.
Intersectionality in Health and Medicine: This topic explores how intersecting social categories affect individuals' health and access to healthcare, discussing the importance of an intersectional approach in medical research and practice.
Critical race theory: Examines structures that promote, maintain, and reproduce systemic racism.
Feminist theory: Looks at the relationship between gender and power.
Queer theory: Explores the intersecting ways in which gender and sexual identity interact with other identities.
Disability studies: Examines how the experiences of people with disabilities differ based on intersections of identity.
Environmental justice: Examines how social inequalities intersect with environmental issues to impact marginalized communities.
Postcolonial theory: Examines the cultural, economic, and political effects of colonialism and imperialism.
Critical whiteness studies: Examines how white identity and privilege shapes the world and the experiences of people of color.
Indigeneity studies: Examines the intersection between settler colonialism and Indigenous cultures and identities.
Ethnic studies: Examines the experiences and contributions of diverse racial and ethnic groups in society.
Transnational feminism: Examines the intersection between gender, race, and class in a global context.
Race and Gender Intersectionality: Examines how race and gender intersect to shape experiences of discrimination, oppression, and privilege.
Queer Intersectionality: Explores how sexual orientation and gender identity intersect with other social identities such as race, class, and disability.
Disability Intersectionality: Investigates how disability intersects with other forms of marginalization, such as race, class, gender, and sexuality.
Class Intersectionality: Analyzes how social class intersects with other dimensions of identity, shaping experiences of poverty, privilege, and inequality.
Age Intersectionality: Examines how age intersects with other social identities, such as gender and race, to influence experiences of discrimination and marginalization across the lifespan.
Global Intersectionality: Considers how intersectionality operates across diverse cultures and geographies, examining the ways in which global inequalities intersect with each other to shape diverse experiences of oppression and resistance.
Indigenous Intersectionality: Explores how colonialism, racism, and sexism intersect with indigenous identities, cultures, and traditions, shaping experiences of resistance and survival.
Fat Intersectionality: Investigates how weight-based discrimination intersects with other forms of oppression and privilege, including race, gender, sexuality, and class.
Mixed-Race Intersectionality: Analyzes how mixed-race identities intersect with other social identities, shaping experiences of racism, cultural hybridity, and belonging.
Religion Intersectionality: Examines how religious identities intersect with other dimensions of identity, including race, gender, class, and sexuality, shaping experiences of inclusion and exclusion.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."