"Critical race theory (CRT) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing how laws, social and political movements, and media shape, and are shaped by, social conceptions of race and ethnicity."
Examines structures that promote, maintain, and reproduce systemic racism.
Race, Ethnicity, and Cultural Differences: This topic introduces the fundamental concepts of race, ethnicity, and cultural differences and their impact on societal systems and institutions.
Social Justice: Social justice is key to critical race theory (CRT), and this topic focuses on the concept of social justice and the role it plays in seeking equity in society.
Macro and Micro-Level Analysis: Examining society's systems and institutions is critical to understanding CRT, and this topic focuses on the interplay between macro and micro-level analysis.
Historical Context: CRT is anchored in a firm understanding of history, and this topic looks at how history shapes society and the impact it has on race and culture.
Power: Power is a critical concept in CRT, and this topic delves into the definition and use of power in society.
White Privilege: White privilege is a term that refers to the advantages and benefits white individuals experience in society. The topic looks at what white privilege is and how it relates to CRT.
Intersectionality: Intersectionality is a crucial component of CRT, examining the multiple ways in which an individual's race, gender, sexuality, and other identities intersect and impact their experiences.
Oppression: Oppression is a central concept in CRT and examines the ways in which power and privilege combine to limit opportunities and suppress marginalized groups.
Structural Racism: Structural racism is a term that describes the ways in which racism is embedded in societal structures and institutions. The topic examines the effects of structural racism on marginalized communities.
Implicit Bias: Implicit bias is an unconscious attitude or stereotype that affects our understanding of others. The topic examines how implicit bias can impact decision-making and relationships.
Whiteness: Whiteness is an ideology that perpetuates white dominance in society. The topic looks at what whiteness means and its impact on marginalized communities.
Cultural Competency: Cultural competency is the ability to interact effectively and respectfully with individuals from different cultures. The topic looks at what cultural competency is and why it is essential in CRT.
Privilege Walks: A privilege walk is a tool used to illustrate the different advantages individuals experience based on their identities. The topic examines how privilege walks are used in CRT.
Educational Inequities: Educational inequities are systematic differences in educational opportunities experienced by marginalized groups. The topic examines the impact of educational inequities on individuals and society.
Critical Pedagogy: Critical pedagogy is a teaching method that encourages learners to question societal norms and power structures. The topic examines how critical pedagogy is used in CRT.
Social Construction: Social construction is the idea that society creates meanings and definitions for concepts like race and gender. The topic examines how social construction influences societal norms and power dynamics.
Anti-Racism: Anti-racism is the active opposition to racism and the belief in the equality and equity of all individuals regardless of race. The topic examines anti-racism in CRT and how it is practiced.
Stereotyping: Stereotyping is making generalizations about a group of people based on their culture or social identity. The topic examines how stereotypes impact individuals and society in CRT.
"CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, and not only based on individuals' prejudices."
"The word critical in the name is an academic reference to critical thinking, critical theory, and scholarly criticism, rather than criticizing or blaming individuals."
"CRT is also used in sociology to explain social, political, and legal structures and power distribution as through a 'lens' focusing on the concept of race, and experiences of racism."
"A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections of race, class, gender, and disability."
"For example, the CRT conceptual framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States."
"Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis."
"One tenet of CRT is that racism and disparate racial outcomes are the result of complex, changing, and often subtle social and institutional dynamics, rather than explicit and intentional prejudices of individuals."
"CRT scholars argue that the social and legal construction of race advances the interests of white people at the expense of people of color, and that the liberal notion of U.S. law as 'neutral' plays a significant role in maintaining a racially unjust social order."
"CRT began in the United States in the post–civil rights era, as 1960s landmark civil rights laws were being eroded and schools were being re-segregated."
"CRT, a framework of analysis grounded in critical theory, originated in the mid-1970s in the writings of several American legal scholars, including Derrick Bell, Alan Freeman, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Richard Delgado, Cheryl Harris, Charles R. Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and Patricia J. Williams."
"CRT draws from the work of thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W. E. B. Du Bois, as well as the Black Power, Chicano, and radical feminist movements from the 1960s and 1970s."
"Academic critics of CRT argue it is based on storytelling instead of evidence and reason, rejects truth and merit, and undervalues liberalism."
"Since 2020, conservative U.S. lawmakers have sought to ban or restrict the instruction of CRT education in primary and secondary schools, as well as relevant training inside federal agencies."
"Advocates of such bans argue that CRT is false, anti-American, villainizes white people, promotes radical leftism, and indoctrinates children."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of misrepresenting its tenets."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of... having the goal to broadly silence discussions of racism, equality, social justice, and the history of race." Note: Due to the length and complexity of the passage, not every question may have an explicit quote matching it exactly. However, the selected quotes provide relevant information related to the study questions.