"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
Investigates how weight-based discrimination intersects with other forms of oppression and privilege, including race, gender, sexuality, and class.
Body size and weight stigma: Understanding the different ways in which individuals who are not thin are marginalized, such as through stigmatization, discrimination, and bullying, and how these experiences are connected to other forms of oppression.
Intersectionality: Understanding the concept of intersectionality and how it relates to fatness and other forms of oppression, including race, gender, sexuality, ability, and socioeconomic status.
Social and cultural constructs of beauty: Examining cultural narratives about beauty and how they contribute to weight stigma and fatphobia, particularly in terms of how beauty standards are tied to whiteness, thinness, and able-bodiedness.
Health at every size (HAES): Learning about the HAES movement, which emphasizes that health is not determined by body size, and that individuals of all sizes deserve to receive medical care and support that is free from weight stigma.
Fat acceptance: Learning about the concept of fat acceptance, an inclusive movement that advocates for the dignity and rights of individuals who are not thin, and fights against stigmatization, discrimination, and other forms of oppression.
Anti-fat bias in healthcare: Acknowledging and addressing implicit biases that exist within healthcare systems against individuals who are not thin, and the ways in which these biases can lead to inadequate care or misdiagnosis.
Fatphobia in media: Analyzing how the media contributes to fatphobia through perpetuating negative stereotypes and reinforcing cultural narratives about body size and beauty.
Fat activism: Studying activism movements and strategies that aim to challenge fatphobia, advocate for fat liberation and equality, and support the rights and dignity of individuals of all sizes.
Intersectionality in research: Examining research that explores the intersections of fatness with other identities and experiences, including race, gender, ability, and class, and how these intersections affect individuals' experiences of oppression and discrimination.
Self-love and body positivity: Exploring concepts of self-love and body positivity, particularly in relation to fatness and body image, in order to develop practices that promote acceptance, compassion, and wellness.
Race Intersectionality: Examines the ways in which race intersects with other identities such as gender, sexual orientation, or class. It focuses on the experiences of people of color who belong to multiple marginalized groups.
Gender Intersectionality: Explores how gender intersects with other identities and provides insights into the ways in which sexism can intersect with racism, heterosexism, classism, or ableism.
Sexual Orientation Intersectionality: Investigates how sexual orientation intersects with other social identities, such as race or gender. It exposes the differences in experiences and discrimination suffered by LGBTQ individuals of color, disabled, or low-income individuals.
Disability Intersectionality: Studies the interactions between disability and other identities such as race, gender, or sexual orientation, and demonstrates how discrimination against people with disabilities is compounded by other forms of marginalization.
Class Intersectionality: Examines the intersections between social class and other identities, such as race or gender, highlighting the different ways in which poverty affects people based on their other identities.
Age Intersectionality: Explores how age intersects with other identities and investigates the impact of ageism and age discrimination on marginalized individuals who belong to other social groups.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."