"In media studies, mass communication, media psychology, communication theory, and sociology, media influence and the media effect are topics relating to mass media and media culture's effects on individuals' or audiences' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors."
Analyzing the relationship between media and politics, including the impact of media on public opinion and election campaigns.
The role of media in politics: Examining the impact of media on the political environment, including how it shapes public opinion and impacts political outcomes.
Media ownership and consolidation: Analyzing the concentration of media ownership and how it impacts the diversity of viewpoints and the influence of major media companies on politics.
The history of media and politics: Tracing the evolution of media's role in politics over time, including changes in technology, regulation, and media business models.
Media bias and objectivity: Discussing the nature and influence of media bias, including its effects on political coverage and public perception of events.
Media and political campaigns: Exploring how political campaigns use media to reach audiences and shape public opinion, including the impact of social media on political communication.
Media and political institutions: Analyzing the relationship between media and political institutions, including the media's role in holding politicians accountable and shaping public policy.
Media regulation and policy: Examining policies designed to regulate media and their effectiveness in promoting diversity, objectivity, and fair competition.
Global media and politics: Comparing the role of media in different political systems and cultures around the world, including the impact of media on international relations and diplomacy.
Print Media: The oldest form of media that includes newspapers, journals, and magazines.
Broadcast Media: Mainly includes radio and TV journalism to deliver news to the public.
Social Media: Digital platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, which allow people to communicate and share content.
Online News Sites: Digital platforms of newspapers and TV news stations that provide news on their websites.
Political Blogs: Blogs that focus on politics and cover political issues.
News Apps: Apps that provide news and information from various sources.
Press Releases: Official statements by political organizations.
Political Campaign Ads: Advertisements created to garner support for political parties and candidates.
Political Debates: A forum for candidates to discuss their policies and views.
Photojournalism: The use of photographs to tell a news story.
Polling Data: Statistical analysis of public opinion and voting patterns.
Investigative Journalism: A type of journalism that seeks to expose political corruption, inconsistencies, or wrongdoing.
Film and Documentary Making: The making of movies or documentaries that explore issues concerning politics.
Satire and Political Cartoons: A type of media that criticizes politicians or political issues through humor and caricature.
Propaganda: Biased or misleading information created to promote a particular political agenda.
Public Relations: The practice of managing the spread of information about a political figure or organization.
Editorial Columns: Columns written by journalists that provide opinions and viewpoints on political issues.
Free Press: The practice of journalistic independence and freedom from governmental control.
Fake News: Information that is deliberately fabricated or misleading designed to sway public opinion.
Opinion Polls: Surveys used to measure public opinion on political issues.
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."
"The influences of mass media (or 'media effects') are observed in various aspects of human life, from voting behaviors to perceptions of violence, from evaluations of scientists to our understanding of others' opinions."
"The overall influence of mass media has changed drastically over the years, and will continue to do so as the media itself develops."
"In the new media environment, we have dual identities - consumers and creators. We not only obtain information through new media, but also disseminate information to wide audiences."
"Thus, it is important for physicians to discuss with parents their child's exposure to media and to provide guidance on age-appropriate use of any media, including television, radio, music, video games, and the Internet."
"Bryant and Zillmann defined media effects as 'the social, cultural, and psychological impact of communicating via the mass media'."
"Perse stated that media effects researchers study 'how to control, enhance, or mitigate the impact of the mass media on individuals and society'."
"Lang stated media effects researchers study 'what types of content, in what type of medium, affect which people, in what situations'."
"McLuhan points out in his media ecology theory that 'The medium is the message'."
"Media influence is the actual force exerted by a media message, resulting in either a change or reinforcement in audience or individual beliefs."
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."