"Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda."
Biased or misleading information created to promote a particular political agenda.
Definition of Propaganda: This topic covers the basic definition of propaganda, its historical roots and its different forms.
Techniques of Propaganda: This topic covers the various techniques used in propaganda such as repetition, emotional appeal, bandwagon effect, demonization, straw man argument, etc.
Propaganda in the Media: This topic covers the role of the media in promoting propaganda by discussing the media’s ownership structure, its revenue model, its biases and how propaganda is disseminated in different forms.
Propaganda in Politics: This topic covers the use of propaganda as a tool by political powers. It includes discussion of how propaganda is used to sway public opinion, to implement policies, and to influence the relevant stakeholders.
Propaganda in War: This topic covers the use of propaganda during wars, explaining how it is used to influence both enemy and domestic populations.
Historical Examples of Propaganda: This topic covers the various examples of historical events where propaganda was critical in shaping public opinion, such as WW1 and WW2, and is continuing to shape political contexts today.
Critiques of Propaganda: This topic covers critical analyses of propaganda that highlight its negative impacts on democracy, citizenry, human rights, and international relations.
Strategies for Countering Propaganda: This topic covers various strategies individuals and groups can use to counter propaganda. These strategies include critical thinking, education, activism, exposure, and more.
Propaganda and Social Media: This topic covers the impact of social media on the spread of propaganda, and how social media has become a major battleground for propaganda wars.
The Future of Propaganda: This topic covers emerging technologies that could enhance the use of propaganda, as well as possible countermeasures to address new forms of propaganda.
Bandwagon Propaganda: This type of propaganda persuades people to join and become a part of the majority or the popular group.
Testimonial Propaganda: Testimonial propaganda usually involves a celebrity or someone who has high authority to convince people to buy a product, support a candidate or an idea.
Fear Propaganda: Fear propaganda uses fear and anxiety to convince people to take a particular action that is promoted by the propagandist.
Name-calling Propaganda: Name-calling propaganda usually involves using bad or negative words to discredit a person or idea.
Glittering Generalities Propaganda: Glittering generalities propaganda uses positive words and phrases to promote an idea or a product.
Transfer Propaganda: This type of propaganda involves associating a product, idea or person with a positive image, such as a flag or a religious symbol, to gain goodwill.
Plain Folks Propaganda: Plain folks propaganda usually features everyday people promoting a product or an idea.
Card Stacking Propaganda: Card stacking propaganda is when only one side of an argument or idea is presented, while the other side is ignored or omitted.
Evading Propaganda: Evading propaganda often involves using vague or unclear language to describe a product or an idea to avoid providing any clear details.
Stereotyping Propaganda: Stereotyping propaganda is where a group of people is portrayed using exaggerated or ridiculous characteristics to make them look bad.
Red Herring Propaganda: Red herring propaganda is when something unimportant or irrelevant is introduced to divert attention from the main argument or idea.
Loaded Words Propaganda: Loaded words propaganda often involves using emotionally charged language to influence people.
Rationalization Propaganda: Rationalization propaganda is when someone provides reasons or justifications for an action or an idea that would otherwise be viewed as bad or negative.
Over-simplification Propaganda: Over-simplification propaganda is when a complex issue is reduced to a simple, easy-to-understand issue, which leads to people making uninformed decisions.
Scapegoat Propaganda: Scapegoat propaganda is when someone else is blamed for a problem or issue, instead of the real cause of the problem or issue being addressed.
"...may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception."
"...using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response."
"...in the 20th century, the English term propaganda was often associated with a manipulative approach."
"...historically, propaganda has been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or ideologies."
"Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts."
"A wide range of materials and media are used for conveying propaganda messages, which changed as new technologies were invented, including paintings, cartoons, posters, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites."
"More recently, the digital age has given rise to new ways of disseminating propaganda, for example, bots and algorithms are currently being used to create computational propaganda and fake or biased news and spread it on social media." (Note: Please note that the following quotes are paraphrased selections that address the questions.)
"Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda..."
"...may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception."
"...using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented."
"...the English term propaganda was often associated with a manipulative approach..."
"...historically, propaganda has been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or ideologies."
"Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts."
"A wide range of materials and media are used for conveying propaganda messages, including paintings, cartoons, posters, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites."
"More recently, the digital age has given rise to new ways of disseminating propaganda..."
"...bots and algorithms are currently being used to create computational propaganda..."
"...fake or biased news and spread it on social media."
"...to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda..."
"...using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response..."