"A language that no longer has any first-language or second-language speakers, especially if the language also has no living descendants."
These are languages that are no longer spoken or used in everyday communication, such as Latin and ancient Greek.
Grammar: Understanding the rules and structure of the dead language.
Vocabulary: Learning the words and their meanings in the dead language.
Pronunciation: Learning how to correctly pronounce the words in the dead language.
Syntax: Understanding the proper order of words in sentences in the dead language.
Translation: Understanding how to translate the dead language into another language and vice versa.
Historical Context: Understanding the culture, time period, and geography in which the dead language was used.
Literature: Studying the written works and literary devices used in the dead language.
Phonology: Studying the sound system of the dead language and how it differs from other languages.
Morphology: Studying the structure of words in the dead language, including prefixes, suffixes, and roots.
Dialects: Studying the different forms of the dead language that were spoken in different regions or social classes.
Etymology: Studying the origin and history of the words and their meanings in the dead language.
Script: Studying the writing system used to record the dead language, including its development and different forms.
Comparative Linguistics: Comparing the dead language to other languages, looking for similarities and differences.
Archaeology: Studying artifacts and material culture related to the dead language for insights into its use and history.
Historical Linguistics: This subfield focuses on the study of how dead languages evolved over time, their grammatical structures, and vocabulary.
Translation Studies: It is the study of how dead languages have been preserved and translated over time, considering the nature of the languages and the cultures that speak them.
Philology: It focuses on studying the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary of dead languages to better understand the historical, cultural, and linguistic contexts in which they were spoken and written.
Epigraphy: This subfield deals with the study of written inscriptions, such as those found on monuments, walls, and buildings in dead languages.
Paleography: It focuses on the study of ancient script, symbols, and writing styles used in dead languages.
Lexicography: This subfield studies the vocabulary of dead languages, including the meanings of words and how they were used in context.
Dialectology: It deals with the study of different dialects and variations in dead languages across geographical and cultural lines.
Phonetics: This subfield focuses on sound systems in dead languages, including how different sounds were produced and how they were perceived.
Computational Linguistics: It involves the use of computer algorithms and programming to study and make predictions about the structures and patterns found in dead languages.
Sociolinguistics: It studies the social and cultural factors that influenced the development and use of dead languages, including their significance in religious, political, and other contexts.
"A dead language is a language that no longer has any first-language speakers, but does have second-language speakers, such as Latin."
"A dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to an ethnic group, often undergoing a process of revitalization."
"Languages that have first-language speakers, known as modern or living languages to contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts."
"As a result of the process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favor of a foreign lingua franca, largely those of European countries."
"A total of roughly 7,000 natively spoken languages existed worldwide."
"One estimate published in 2004 expected that some 90% of the currently spoken languages will have become extinct by 2050."
"The process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift."
"It serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to an ethnic group."
"A process of revitalization."
"Most of these are minor languages in danger of extinction."
"The language also has no living descendants."
"It is considered dead but not extinct."
"It is considered extinct."
"To contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts."
"Cultural assimilation and the favoring of foreign lingua francas."
"They are minor languages in danger of extinction."
"Some 90% of the currently spoken languages will have become extinct by 2050."
"Foreign lingua francas largely from European countries."
"The process of cultural assimilation."