"Nouns are inflected for number and case"
Understanding the rules and structure of the dead language.
Parts of Speech: The different categories of words in a language, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
Sentences: The basic unit of communication in a language, including the different types of sentences such as declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative.
Clauses: A group of words that contains a subject and a verb and can function as a sentence or part of a sentence.
Phrases: Groups of words that function as a unit within a sentence but do not contain a subject and a verb.
Tense: The form of a verb that indicates the time of action or state of being, including present, past, and future.
Agreement: The need for words in a sentence to agree in number, gender, and person.
Voice: The relationship between the subject and the verb in a sentence, including active and passive voice.
Pronouns: Words that can replace nouns in a sentence, including personal, reflexive, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns.
Modifiers: Words that provide additional information about other words in a sentence, including adjectives and adverbs.
Punctuation: The different symbols used to indicate the structure and meaning of a sentence, including commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points.
Syntax: The way words are arranged in a sentence to create meaning and clarity.
Style: The individual way a person uses language to communicate, including sentence structure, diction, and tone.
Diction: The choice and use of words in speech or writing.
Conjunctions: Words used to connect words, phrases, or clauses, including coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions.
Prepositions: Words used to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
Morphological Grammar: This type of grammar deals with the study of the structure and patterns of words and their forms.
Syntactic Grammar: It is the study of the order and rules by which words combine to form sentences.
Semantic Grammar: This type of grammar is concerned with the meaning of words and how they can be combined to form meaningful sentences.
Pragmatic Grammar: It is the study of how language is used in a specific social context.
Generative Grammar: This type of grammar was developed by Noam Chomsky and focuses on the innate ability of humans to generate an infinite number of grammatically correct sentences.
Transformational Grammar: Another type of grammar developed by Noam Chomsky, it is concerned with the rules by which one sentence can be transformed into another.
Cognitive Grammar: This type of grammar is based on the cognitive processes involved in language use, including perception, memory, and attention.
Corpus Linguistics: It is a research methodology that uses computer software to analyze large collections of language data, known as corpora.
Construction Grammar: This approach emphasizes the use of constructions, rather than rules or categories, to explain language use.
Dependency Grammar: This type of grammar emphasizes the relationships between words in a sentence, rather than their order.
HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar): It is a type of generative grammar that emphasizes the hierarchical structure of language.
Lexical-Functional Grammar: It is a type of generative grammar that emphasizes the interplay between lexical and syntactic structures.
Systemic Functional Grammar: This approach to grammar emphasizes the communicative function of language and the way it is used to achieve specific goals.
Traditional Grammar: This is the type of grammar that is typically taught in schools, and it emphasizes rules for correct usage and sentence construction.
Transformational-Generative Grammar: It is a type of generative grammar that emphasizes the way in which sentences are constructed through a series of transformations.
"Pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender"
"Verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood"
"Verbs can take any of over 100 different endings to express different meanings"
"Most verbal forms consist of a single word"
"Some tenses are formed from part of the verb sum 'I am' added to a participle"
"Classified things belong to one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter"
"The gender of the classified thing is realized by the last syllables of the adjectives, numbers and pronouns that refer to it"
"There are also two numbers: singular and plural"
"Most nouns have five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and ablative"
"Nouns for people have the vocative case"
"Nouns for places have a seventh case, the locative"
"There is no definite or indefinite article in Latin"
"Latin word order tends to be subject–object–verb"
"An adjective can come either before or after a noun"
"Latin is a pro-drop language; that is, pronouns in the subject are usually omitted except for emphasis"
"Latin exhibits verb framing in which the path of motion is encoded into the verb"
"In this article, a line over a vowel indicates that it is long"
"rēx 'the king' (subject), but rēgem 'the king' (object)"
"rēx can mean 'king', 'a king', or 'the king' according to context"