Studying artifacts and material culture related to the dead language for insights into its use and history.
Historical linguistics: The study of the development of language over time, including phonology, morphology, and syntax.
Epigraphy: The study of ancient inscriptions and writing systems, including cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and runic scripts.
Paleography: The study of ancient writing styles and manuscript traditions, including Greek majuscule and Carolingian minuscule.
Lexicography: The study of dictionaries and word usage in ancient texts, including the creation of lexicons and the analysis of semantic fields.
Textual criticism: The study of manuscript traditions and the reconstruction of ancient texts, including the analysis of variant readings and textual corruptions.
Prosopography: The study of ancient social networks and the biographical information contained in texts, including the analysis of names and kinship connections.
Historical geography: The study of ancient landscapes and the role of geography in shaping human societies, including the analysis of maps and settlement patterns.
Archaeological methodology: The study of the methods used to excavate and analyze archaeological sites, including stratigraphy, survey, and radiocarbon dating.
Material culture: The study of ancient artifacts and their use in reconstructing past societies, including pottery, metalwork, and architecture.
Anthropology: The study of human societies and cultures, including the analysis of social structures, religion, and ideology.
Classical archaeology: This type of archaeology is concerned with the study of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Egyptology: This field is concerned with the study of the ancient civilization of Egypt, including its language, culture, and art.
Biblical archaeology: This type of archaeology investigates the world of the Old and New Testaments and attempts to discover the historical accuracy of the stories and events described in the Bible.
Historical archaeology: This type of archaeology provides insights into the historical period of a civilization or culture, often including research during the period of contact or colonialism.
Underwater archaeology: This specialization is concerned with the excavation and analysis of submerged materials, often including shipwrecks.
Landscape archaeology: Landscape archaeology studies the relationship between human beings and the environment throughout history.
Industrial archaeology: This field focuses on the archaeology of the industrial revolution and the development of the modern world.
Ethnoarchaeology: Ethnoarchaeology studies the living cultures of the world in order to explain the artifacts and structures of their ancestors.
Zooarchaeology: This field studies the remains of animals and their relationship to human life and culture, including their symbolic meanings and use in economic and social systems.
Archaeometry: Archaeometry deal with the advanced scientific technologies and techniques employed in studying archaeological materials such as isotopic analysis or radiocarbon dating.