Quote: "An ethnicity or ethnic group is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups."
Understanding the interactions between different racial and ethnic groups throughout history.
Colonialism and Imperialism: The historical process of European colonization and control over non-European territories and peoples, leading to systemic oppression and exploitation.
Slavery and Forced Labor: The practice of enslaving or forcing individuals to work without compensation, which has historically been used to exploit and oppress specific ethnic or racial groups.
Segregation and Jim Crow laws: The institutionalized system of racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans that persisted in the United States between the 1800s and 1960s.
Civil Rights Movement: The social and political movement led by African Americans in the mid-20th century to secure equal rights and opportunities for themselves and other marginalized groups.
Immigration and Xenophobia: The treatment of immigrants and ‘outsiders’ in the US, particularly non-European immigrants and individuals perceived as different or inferior based on race or ethnicity.
Indigenous Peoples Rights: The history of how indigenous populations were systematically oppressed, disenfranchised, and stripped of their rights and land.
Multiculturalism: The acceptance, celebration, and recognition of diverse cultures and ethnic groups within a society.
Intersectionality: The concept of interconnected identities such as race, gender, and class, and how these identities intersect to create unique experiences of oppression and discrimination.
Colorism: The discrimination of individuals with darker skin tones within the same race or ethnic group.
Affirmative Action: Policies that are intended to promote opportunities for historically marginalized groups, often in the form of educational, professional, or political programs.
African American History: The study of the experiences of people of African descent in America from slavery to today.
Asian American History: The study of the experiences of people of Asian descent in the United States, including their history of discrimination, immigration patterns, and cultural contributions.
Latino/A Hispanic/Latina History: The study of the experiences of people of Latino/Latina or Hispanic descent within the United States, including their history of immigration and social, economic, and political struggles.
Native American History: The study of the experiences of Native American people in North America, including their history of colonization, cultural genocide, and ongoing struggles for sovereignty and recognition.
Middle Eastern American History: The study of the experiences of Middle Eastern Americans, including those of Arab, Iranian, and Turkish descent, within the United States.
Race and Representation: The study of how race is represented in various cultural and media forms, including literature, film, and visual arts.
Race and Urbanization: The study of how race has played a role in the development and transformation of American cities and how urbanization affected racial and ethnic groups.
Race and Law: The study of how law has shaped, and been shaped by, racial and ethnic identities, including the legal history of discrimination and civil rights and the status of minorities under the law.
Race and Gender: The study of how race and gender intersect and how this intersection has affected the lives of people, particularly women of color.
Intersectionality: The study of how different social identities, including race, class, gender, and sexuality, intersect and impact people's experiences and opportunities.
Race and Immigration: The study of the history, policies, and experiences of immigrants and refugees from different racial and ethnic backgrounds in the United States.
Race and Politics: The study of how race and ethnic identities have shaped political movements and decision-making in the United States.
Comparative Race Relations: The study of how race and ethnicity are defined, experienced, and represented in different societies and cultures around the world.
Quote: "Those attributes can include a common nation of origin, or common sets of ancestry, traditions, language, history, society, religion, or social treatment."
Quote: "Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
Quote: "By way of language shift, acculturation, adoption, and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another."
Quote: "Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tribes, which over time may become separate ethnic groups themselves due to endogamy or physical isolation from the parent group."
Quote: "Conversely, formerly separate ethnicities can merge to form a pan-ethnicity and may eventually merge into one single ethnicity."
Quote: "The formation of a separate ethnic identity is referred to as ethnogenesis."
Quote: "Earlier 20th-century 'Primordialists' viewed ethnic groups as real phenomena whose distinct characteristics have endured since the distant past."
Quote: "Perspectives that developed after the 1960s increasingly viewed ethnic groups as social constructs, with identity assigned by societal rules."
Quote: "The term ethnicity is often used interchangeably with the term nation, particularly in cases of ethnic nationalism."
Quote: "Ethnic groups may share a narrow or broad spectrum of genetic ancestry, depending on group identification, with many groups having mixed genetic ancestry."
Quote: "Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tribes, which over time may become separate ethnic groups themselves due to endogamy or physical isolation from the parent group."
Quote: "By way of language shift, acculturation, adoption, and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another."
Quote: "Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
Quote: "Those attributes can include a common nation of origin, or common sets of ancestry, traditions, language, history, society, religion, or social treatment."
Quote: "Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
Quote: "Perspectives that developed after the 1960s increasingly viewed ethnic groups as social constructs, with identity assigned by societal rules."
Quote: "Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tribes, which over time may become separate ethnic groups themselves due to endogamy or physical isolation from the parent group."
Quote: "Perspectives that developed after the 1960s increasingly viewed ethnic groups as social constructs, with identity assigned by societal rules."
Quote: "Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."