Quote: "The most recent United States census recognized seven racial categories (White, Black, Latino, Asian, Native American/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian)"
The study of how race has played a role in the development and transformation of American cities and how urbanization affected racial and ethnic groups.
Definitions of race and ethnicity: Understanding the difference between race and ethnicity, and the sociocultural and biological factors that contribute to these concepts.
Racial and ethnic groups in urban settings: Studying the history and formation of racial and ethnic groups within urban areas, and exploring how different groups interact with one another.
Segregation and racism: Examining the role of segregation and institutionalized racism in urban areas, and discussing how these factors affect social and economic outcomes for different groups.
Redlining and discriminatory housing policies: Exploring the history of redlining and other discriminatory housing policies, and their impact on urban development and racial and ethnic segregation.
Immigration and urbanization: Analyzing the role of immigration in urbanization, and how different ethnic groups have contributed to the growth and development of urban areas.
Gentrification and displacement: Examining the effects of gentrification on urban communities, including displacement and the loss of cultural identity.
Community organizing and activism: Learning about the history of community organizing and social activism among different racial and ethnic groups in urban areas, and current movements for social justice.
Education and racial inequality: Examining the impact of race and ethnicity on education outcomes, including access to resources and opportunities.
Criminal justice and policing: Analyzing the disproportionate impact of the criminal justice system on racial and ethnic groups in urban areas, including police brutality and racial profiling.
Intersectionality and race: Understanding the ways in which race intersects with other identities, including gender, sexuality, and class, and how this intersectionality contributes to experiences of urbanization and inequality.
Racial Segregation: This refers to the separation of different ethnic groups into distinct areas within a city or region.
Gentrification: This is the process of renovating and revitalizing neighborhoods in urban areas, often leading to displacement of the original residents.
Racial Disparities: This refers to the unequal treatment of different ethnic groups in areas such as education, employment, and housing.
Immigration: This refers to the movement of individuals from one country or region to another, often leading to changes in the demographics and culture of urban areas.
Redlining: A practice that was used by banks and lenders to deny loans or services to residents of certain neighborhoods, based on race or ethnicity.
African American Urban History: This refers to the history surrounding the establishment, growth, and development of African American communities in urban areas.
White Flight: This refers to the phenomenon where white residents leave urban areas for suburban areas when they feel their safety or property values are threatened by the presence of ethnic minorities.
Urban Renewal: This refers to the process of revamping or rebuilding urban areas, often leading to the displacement of the original residents.
Institutional Racism: This refers to the ways in which race and ethnicity are embedded into the structures and policies of institutions, such as governments, schools, and businesses, to the detriment of certain groups.
Police Brutality: This refers to the excessive or unnecessary force used by law enforcement officials against minority groups, often leading to injury or death.
Quote: "Hispanic and Latino Americans are the largest ethnic minority, comprising 18.9% of the population."
Quote: "White Americans contribute the highest proportion of the population in the Midwest, at 85% per the Population Estimates Program (PEP) or 83% per the American Community Survey (ACS)."
Quote: "The region with the smallest share of white Americans is the South, which comprises 53%."
Quote: "Currently, 55% of the African American population lives in the South."
Quote: "The U.S. Virgin Islands is mostly African American."
Quote: "The Census Bureau also classified respondents as 'Hispanic or Latino' or 'Not Hispanic or Latino', identifying as an ethnicity."
Quote: "The 2020 census allowed people to enter their 'origins'."
Quote: "Black Americans are the largest racial and the second largest ethnic minority, making up 12.6%."
Quote: "The latter region is home to 42% of Hispanic and Latino Americans."
Quote: "American Samoa has a high percentage of Pacific Islanders."
Quote: "68% of Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders reside in the West."
Quote: "Puerto Rico is mostly Hispanic/Latino."
Quote: "White Americans are the majority in every census-defined region and in every state except Hawaii."
Quote: "Non-Hispanic whites make up 79% of the Midwest's population, the highest proportion of any region."
Quote: "White Americans contribute the highest proportion of the population in the Midwest, at 85% per the Population Estimates Program (PEP)."
Quote: "Non-Hispanic whites make up 79% of the Midwest's population."
Quote: "The latter region is home to 46% of Asian Americans."
Quote: "37% of the 'two or more races' population (Multiracial Americans) reside in the West."
Quote: "48% of American Indians and Alaska Natives reside in the West."