The study of how race and ethnic identities have shaped political movements and decision-making in the United States.
Colonialism: The practice of subjugating and exploiting people and resources from non-European countries by European powers.
Slavery: The ownership and forced labor of people, usually defined by race or ethnicity, as property.
Jim Crow Laws: A series of state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and discrimination.
Civil Rights Movement: A social and political movement in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s that aimed to end racial discrimination and segregation.
Apartheid: A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that lasted from 1948 to 1994.
Affirmative Action: Policies and programs designed to address historical and ongoing discrimination against people of color, women, and other marginalized groups.
Cultural Appropriation: The taking and use of elements of one culture by members of a different cultural group without permission, usually by dominant cultures.
Intersectionality: A framework for understanding and addressing the intersection of social identities and systems of oppression, particularly race, gender, and class.
Mass Incarceration: The disproportionate imprisonment of people of color in the United States, particularly Black men, as a result of systemic racism and discriminatory policies.
Voter Suppression: The use of laws, regulations, and practices to prevent marginalized groups from voting, particularly people of color, low-income individuals, and youth.
Institutional Racism: Systemic patterns of discrimination and exclusion against people of color within institutions such as the legal system, education, and government.
Reparations: Compensation or restitution for past harm or discrimination, particularly against people of color.
White Privilege: The societal and cultural advantages that come with being perceived as white in Western societies.
Racism: Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping based on race or ethnicity.
Ethnic Cleansing: The planned and systematic removal of people of a particular ethnic or racial group from a geographic area, often involving violence and human rights abuses.