"Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products."
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating crops and rearing livestock for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.
Soil Science: The study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, and their relationships to plant and animal life.
Crop Science: The study of plant growth, development, and production of food, fiber, and fuel crops.
Ecology: The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Horticulture: The science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants.
Plant Pathology: The study of diseases that affect plants and their management.
Entomology: The study of insects and their impact on crops and other ecosystems.
Crop Management: The principles and practices of managing crops, including planting, cultivating, harvesting, and marketing.
Livestock Management: The principles and practices of raising and caring for domestic animals, including cows, pigs, sheep, and chickens.
Agronomy: The science of soil management and crop production.
Agribusiness: The economics of agriculture and the management of agricultural enterprises.
Forestry: The science and practice of managing trees, forests, and related natural resources.
Agricultural Engineering: The application of engineering principles to design and develop agricultural equipment, structures, and systems.
Food Science: The study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food and its preparation, preservation, and processing.
Agricultural Economics: The study of the economics of agriculture, including the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural products.
Agricultural Policy: The development and implementation of policies that affect the agricultural industry, including trade, environment, and food safety policies.
Animal science in Agriculture: Study of animal genetics, nutrition, and management in agriculture.
Agrifood systems: Management and marketing of food and agriculture products.
Aquaculture: Study of aquatic organisms and their farming.
Precision agriculture: Use of technology for improved efficiency and yield in agriculture.
Agricultural education: Study and practice of teaching agricultural topics.
Organic Agriculture: Organic farming is based on the use of natural inputs, such as compost, manure, and crop rotation to ensure soil health and productivity.
Forest management: Study of forestry and management of forest resources.
Veterinary medicine in agriculture: Study of animal health and disease in agriculture.
Agricultural extension: Dissemination of agricultural information and technology to farmers and communities.
Rural sociology: Study of social structures, behaviors, and processes in rural settings.
Traditional Agriculture: It is a subsistence type of farming where farmers rely on traditional practices and techniques without utilizing modern technology.
Commercial Agriculture: This type of farming is done mainly to generate profit. It is of two types- crop farming and livestock farming.
Industrial Agriculture: Industrial farming involves the use of large-scale machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, and hybrid seeds to maximize yields and feed a growing population.
Subsistence Agriculture: Subsistence agriculture is a self-sufficient method of farming where the farmers produce enough for their own consumption.
Intensive Agriculture: Intensive agriculture involves the use of large inputs of labor, capital, and resources, and is aimed at maximizing yields on a given area of land.
Agroforestry: Agroforestry is a land use management system that combines tree cultivation with agricultural crops or livestock.
Dryland Agriculture: Dryland agriculture is practiced in arid and semi-arid regions where water is a scarce resource.
Urban Agriculture: Urban agriculture involves cultivating crops, raising livestock, and producing food in and around cities.
Mixed Farming: Mixed farming involves raising crops and livestock on the same area of land, in a mutually complementary fashion.
Permaculture: Permaculture is a system of farming based on the principles of ecology, sustainability, and biodiversity.
Poly-culture: Poly-culture is a type of agriculture where multiple crops or species are grown simultaneously, to maximize productivity and minimize risk.
"While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago..."
"...nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago."
"Sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago."
"Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world."
"In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output."
"Today, small farms produce about a third of the world's food."
"Nearly 40 percent of agricultural land is found on farms larger than 1,000 hectares."
"However, five of every six farms in the world consist of less than two hectares..."
"The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials."
"Global agricultural production amounts to approximately 11 billion tonnes of food..."
"However, around 14 percent of the world's food is lost from production before reaching the retail level."
"Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have sharply increased crop yields..."
"Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and environmental damage."
"Environmental issues include contributions to climate change, depletion of aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, and other agricultural pollution."
"Agriculture is both a cause of and sensitive to environmental degradation, such as biodiversity loss, desertification, soil degradation, and climate change, all of which can cause decreases in crop yield."
"Genetically modified organisms are widely used..."
"...although some countries ban them."
"Agriculture encompasses... forestry for non-food products."
"Global agricultural production amounts to... 4 billion m3 of wood."