- "Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs."
Public policy refers to the actions, decisions, and regulations implemented by governments to address societal issues and promote collective well-being.
Policy Analysis: The examination of existing policies or proposed policies to assess their effectiveness and potential impacts.
Public Administration: The study of the management and operation of government agencies and programs.
Political Theory: The investigation of political systems and ideologies, and how they impact policy-making.
Environmental Policy: The study of policies that address environmental issues, such as climate change, pollution, and natural resource management.
Healthcare Policy: The analysis of policies related to healthcare provision, including issues around access, cost, and quality.
Education Policy: The examination of policies related to education and its funding, including school choice and curriculum development.
Global Governance: The study of how policies are formulated and implemented at the international level, as well as global governance structures.
Social Policy: The examination of policies related to social welfare, including topics such as poverty, inequality, and social justice.
Urban Policy: The study of policies related to urban development, including transportation, housing, and land use.
Criminal Justice Policy: The analysis of policies related to crime prevention, law enforcement, and the criminal justice system.
Immigration Policy: The examination of policies related to the movement of people across borders, including issues around citizenship and refugees.
Economic Policy: The study of policies related to the economy, including taxation, regulation, and macroeconomic policy.
Science and Technology Policy: The analysis of policies related to scientific research, innovation, and technology development.
Policy Implementation: The investigation of how policies are executed and enforced, including issues around bureaucratic capacity and regulatory compliance.
Foreign policy: This policy pertains to the nation's interactions with other countries, such as defense, diplomacy, and aid.
Industrial policy: This policy aims to promote industrial development and competitiveness, including subsidies, tariffs, and trade regulations.
Fiscal policy: It deals with government spending and taxation, including the annual budget, borrowing, and deficits.
Public health policy: It focuses on improving and maintaining public health, including disease control, prevention, and health promotion.
- "They are created and/or enacted on behalf of the public typically by a government."
- "Sometimes they are made by nonprofit organizations or are made in co-production with communities or citizens."
- "They can include potential experts, scientists, engineers, and stakeholders or scientific data, or sometimes use some of their results."
- "There are many actors: elected politicians, political party leaders, pressure groups, civil servants, publicly employed professionals, judges, non-governmental organizations, international agencies, academic experts, journalists, and even sometimes citizens."
- "A popular way of understanding and engaging in public policy is through a series of stages known as 'the policy cycle.'"
- "A basic sequence is agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation."
- "Officials considered as policymakers bear responsibility to reflect the interests of a host of different stakeholders."
- "Policy design entails a conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally."
- "Academics and other experts in policy studies have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task."
- "The implementation of public policy is known as public administration."
- "Public policy can be considered to be the sum of a government's direct and indirect activities and has been conceptualized in a variety of ways."
- "They are typically made by policymakers affiliated with currently elected politicians."
- "They are made in co-production with communities or citizens, which can include potential experts, scientists, engineers, and stakeholders."
- "Even sometimes citizens who see themselves as the passive recipients of policy."
- "Policy design entails a conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally."
- "It divides the policy process into a series of stages, from a notional starting point at which policymakers begin to think about a policy problem to a notional end point at which a policy has been implemented and policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."
- "They are guided by a conception and often implemented by programs."
- "Academic experts have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task."
- "Policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."