- "Public health is 'the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals'."
It focuses on improving and maintaining public health, including disease control, prevention, and health promotion.
Policy-making process: This topic covers the steps involved in creating and implementing public health policies, including agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation.
Epidemiology: Understanding the distribution and determinants of health and diseases in populations is crucial in developing evidence-based public health policies. Epidemiology involves studying the patterns, causes, and effects of health and diseases in specific populations.
Healthcare systems: Public health policies are designed to promote accessibility and equity in healthcare systems. Understanding how healthcare systems work can help in identifying gaps and areas that need improvement.
Health promotion: Public health policies aim to prevent diseases and promote healthy behaviors. Health promotion involves developing strategies and programs that promote healthy lifestyles, create supportive environments, and address social determinants of health.
Environmental health: Public health policies aim to improve the quality of the environment and promote healthy living. Environmental health involves understanding the effects of physical, chemical, biological, and social environments on human health.
Occupational health: Public health policies aim to promote workplace safety and health. Occupational health involves identifying and addressing health hazards in the workplace and improving working conditions.
Infectious diseases: Public health policies aim to prevent and control infectious diseases. Understanding the biology, epidemiology, and social determinants of infectious diseases can help in developing effective policies.
Chronic diseases: Public health policies aim to prevent and manage chronic diseases. Chronic diseases are long-term conditions that require ongoing management and care.
Maternal and child health: Public health policies aim to promote the health of mothers and children. Understanding the social, environmental, and biological factors that affect maternal and child health can help in designing effective policies.
Global health: Public health policies aim to address global health challenges, such as emerging infectious diseases, health disparities, and health system strengthening. Understanding the global burden of disease and the social determinants of health can help in developing effective policies.
- "Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health."
- "Epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences and management of health services are all relevant."
- "Other important sub-fields include environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, mental health, health education, health politics, occupational safety, disability, oral health, gender issues in health, and sexual and reproductive health."
- "Public health, together with primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, is part of a country's overall healthcare system."
- "Common public health initiatives include promotion of hand-washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, promoting ventilation and improved air quality both indoors and outdoors, suicide prevention, smoking cessation, obesity education, increasing healthcare accessibility, and distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases."
- "There is a significant disparity in access to health care and public health initiatives between developed countries and developing countries, as well as within developing countries."
- "In developing countries, public health infrastructures are still forming. There may not be enough trained healthcare workers, monetary resources, or, in some cases, sufficient knowledge to provide even a basic level of medical care and disease prevention."
- "A major public health concern in developing countries is poor maternal and child health, exacerbated by malnutrition and poverty coupled with governments' reluctance in implementing public health policies."
- "Great Britain became a leader in the development of public health initiatives, beginning in the 19th century, due to the fact that it was the first modern urban nation worldwide."
- "The public health initiatives that began to emerge initially focused on sanitation (for example, the Liverpool and London sewerage systems), control of infectious diseases (including vaccination and quarantine) and an evolving infrastructure of various sciences, e.g. statistics, microbiology, epidemiology, sciences of engineering."