"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
This subfield studies relations between states, international organizations, and non-state actors in a global context.
International System: The study of how states interact with each other in the international system.
Realism: The belief that the international system is characterized by a struggle for power and security, with actors driven by self-interest.
Liberalism: The belief that international cooperation and institutions can lead to peaceful resolution of conflicts and mutual gains for states.
Constructivism: The idea that culture, norms, and ideas shape international relations and are key to understanding state behavior.
Nationalism: The belief that the nation-state is the most legitimate form of political organization, and that states should act in the national interest.
International Organizations: The study of the role played by international organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, and International Criminal Court in global governance.
Globalization: The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among states and people around the world.
International Political Economy: The study of how economic forces shape international relations, including trade, investment, and finance.
Human Rights: The study of the protection and promotion of human rights in the international system.
Conflict and Peacebuilding: The study of conflict and the methods and institutions for resolving conflicts and building peace among states and within them.
Security Studies: The study of threats to state security, including military threats, terrorism, and cyber warfare.
International Law: The study of the legal framework governing international relations, including treaties, customary law, and international courts.
Foreign Policy Analysis: The study of how states formulate and implement foreign policy, including the role of leaders, bureaucracies, and domestic politics.
International Political Theory: The study of theoretical frameworks for understanding international relations, including realism, liberalism, and constructivism.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."