Quote: "Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law."
The study of the protection and promotion of human rights in the international system.
History of Human Rights: The evolution of human rights from theoretical concepts to binding international laws and treaties.
International Human Rights Law: The body of laws, agreements, and conventions that protect human rights at the international level.
NGOs and Human Rights: The role of non-governmental organizations in promoting and protecting human rights.
Human Rights Advocacy: The process of promoting, defending, and protecting human rights.
Human Rights Violations: The various types of human rights violations including discrimination, torture, and genocide.
Human Rights in Conflict and War: The applicability of human rights during times of conflict and war.
International Criminal Law: The prosecution of individuals for international crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.
International Humanitarian Law: The laws and conventions that seek to protect victims of armed conflict.
Human Rights and the Environment: The intersection between human rights and environmental degradation.
Minority Rights: The rights of minority groups including women, ethnic minorities, and LGBTQ+ communities.
Business and Human Rights: The responsibilities of corporations to respect human rights.
Impact of Culture on Human Rights: The impact of cultural norms and beliefs on human rights.
Human Rights and Development: The relationship between human rights and development policies.
Human Rights in Domestic Law: The incorporation of human rights into domestic legal systems.
Human Rights Monitoring and Reporting: The methods used to monitor and report on human rights violations.
Civil rights: These are the fundamental rights that protect individual liberties from infringement by the government or other individuals. These might include freedoms like the right to free speech, the right to a fair trial, or the right to privacy.
Political rights: These rights relate to a person's ability to participate in government and the political process. They might include the right to vote, the right to join a political party, or the right to run for office.
Economic rights: These are the rights that protect an individual's ability to earn a living and participate in the economy. These might include the right to fair wages, the right to own property, or the right to join a trade union.
Social rights: These rights relate to the basic needs and well-being of individuals, including access to healthcare, education, and social security. They might also include the right to a healthy environment or the right to cultural expression.
Cultural rights: These are the rights that protect an individual's social and cultural identity. These might include the right to practice one's own religion or speak one's own language.
Collective rights: These rights relate to groups of people rather than individuals. They might include the right to self-determination for a particular group, the right to participate in cultural activities as a group, or the right to access resources collectively.
Humanitarian rights: These are rights that protect people in situations of crisis or conflict, such as refugees or victims of natural disasters. These might include access to food, water, shelter, and medical care.
Developmental rights: These rights relate to the ability of people to develop themselves and their societies. They might include the right to education, access to technology and information, or the ability to participate in international trade and development.
Quote: "They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights 'to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being' and which are 'inherent in all human beings'."
Quote: "They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal."
Quote: "They are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone."
Quote: "They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others."
Quote: "It is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances."
Quote: "The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law and global and regional institutions."
Quote: "The idea of human rights suggests that 'if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights'."
Quote: "The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature, and justifications of human rights to this day."
Quote: "Some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard."
Quote: "Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the events of the Holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948."
Quote: "The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval natural law tradition that became prominent during the European Enlightenment..."
Quote: "From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes, as a realization of inherent human vulnerability and as being a precondition for the possibility of a just society."
Quote: "Human rights advocacy has continued into the early 21st century, centered around achieving greater economic and political freedom."
Quote: "They are regularly protected in municipal and international law."
Quote: "The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate."
Quote: "It has also been argued that human rights are 'God-given', although this notion has been criticized."
Quote: "Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights."
Quote: "Human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses."
Quote: "There is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights."