"Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it."
Study of light and its properties.
Geometrical Optics: Study of light as rays and their interaction with optical materials and systems.
Physical Optics: Study of light as waves and their interaction with optical materials and systems.
Electromagnetic Waves: Study of the behavior and properties of waves that are created as a result of oscillations between electric and magnetic fields.
Polarization: Study of the orientation of the electric field vectors of light waves.
Reflective Optics: Study of the reflection of light from surfaces and mirrors.
Refractive Optics: Study of the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another with a different refractive index.
Lens Optics: Study of the properties and behavior of lenses and their use in optical systems.
Wave Optics: Study of the behavior and properties of light waves as they interact with optical materials and systems.
Diffraction: Study of the bending and spreading of light waves as they pass through small openings, around obstacles or near edges.
Interference: Study of the interaction of light waves that produces a net result that is different from the sum of the individual waves.
Optical Instruments: Study of the design and operation of various optical instruments, such as telescopes, microscopes, and cameras.
Optical Materials: Study of the properties and behavior of materials that are used in optical systems, such as glass, plastic, and crystal.
Optical Applications: Study of the practical applications of optics in various fields, such as medicine, telecommunications, and manufacturing.
"Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light."
"Other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties."
"The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend when they pass through or reflect from surfaces. Physical optics is a more comprehensive model of light, which includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference."
"Historically, the ray-based model of light was developed first, followed by the wave model of light."
"Progress in electromagnetic theory in the 19th century led to the discovery that light waves were in fact electromagnetic radiation."
"Some phenomena depend on light having both wave-like and particle-like properties. Explanation of these effects requires quantum mechanics. When considering light's particle-like properties, the light is modelled as a collection of particles called 'photons'."
"Quantum optics deals with the application of quantum mechanics to optical systems."
"Optical science is relevant to and studied in many related disciplines including astronomy, various engineering fields, photography, and medicine (particularly ophthalmology and optometry, in which it is called physiological optics)."
"Practical applications of optics are found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers, and fibre optics." Please note that it is not possible to generate a list of twenty study questions from the given paragraph, as there are fewer distinct points covered.