"A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction."
Study of the properties and behavior of lenses and their use in optical systems.
Light and its properties: This includes the nature, properties, and behavior of light, such as its speed, wavelength, frequency, and polarization.
Geometrical Optics: This deals with the formation, propagation, reflection, refraction, and image formation by light rays, as well as the laws of reflection and refraction.
Lens Design: This involves the design and optimization of lenses for specific applications, such as camera lenses, microscope lenses, and telescope lenses.
Lens Aberrations: These are imperfections in lenses that result in image distortion, blurring, and other visual defects, such as chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and coma.
Lens Coatings: These are coatings that are applied to lenses to enhance their performance, such as anti-reflective coatings, scratch-resistant coatings, and water-resistant coatings.
Optical Systems: This involves the design and optimization of various optical systems, such as telescopes, microscopes, cameras, and projectors.
Optical Fibers: This deals with the use of glass or plastic fibers to transmit light signals over long distances and the applications of optical fibers in various industries.
Polarization: This is the property of light that describes the orientation of its electric field and its effects on optical systems, such as polarizers and waveplates.
Lasers: This involves the physics and engineering of lasers and their applications in various fields, such as medicine, defense, and communications.
Interferometry: This deals with the use of interference patterns to measure the properties of light and optical systems, such as distances, angles, and wavefronts.
Holography: This involves the recording and reconstruction of three-dimensional images using laser light, and its applications in various fields, such as art, education, and security.
Optomechanics: This deals with the design and engineering of optical systems that incorporate mechanical components, such as lenses, mirrors, and filters.
Adaptive Optics: This involves the use of feedback control systems to correct for optical aberrations in real-time and improve the performance of optical systems, such as telescopes and microscopes.
Converging lens: A converging lens is a type of lens that converges or bends light towards a focal point.
Diverging lens: A diverging lens is a type of lens that diverges or spreads out light from a focal point.
Concave lens: A concave lens is a diverging lens that curves inward on both sides.
Convex lens: A convex lens is a converging lens that curves outward on both sides.
Bi-convex lens: A bi-convex lens is a type of convex lens that is convex on both sides.
Bi-concave lens: A bi-concave lens is a type of concave lens that is concave on both sides.
Plano-convex lens: A plano-convex lens is a type of lens that is flat on one side and convex on the other side.
Plano-concave lens: A plano-concave lens is a type of lens that is flat on one side and concave on the other side.
Meniscus lens: A meniscus lens is a type of lens that has one concave and one convex surface.
Fresnel lens: A Fresnel lens is a type of lens that is flat on both sides and consists of a series of concentric rings that act like prisms to refract light.
"A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis."
"Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic."
"Lenses are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape."
"A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing."
"Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called 'lenses', such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses."
"Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras."
"They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia."
"A lens... focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction."
"A lens... focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction."
"...consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis."
"Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic."
"Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called 'lenses', such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses."
"Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras."
"They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia."
"Telescopes, binoculars, and cameras... use lenses to form images, while glasses use lenses to correct vision defects."
"Telescopes, binoculars, and cameras... use lenses to form images."
"Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras."
"Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called 'lenses'... or explosive lenses."
"They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia."