A markup language is a text-encoding system consisting of a set of symbols inserted in a text document to control its structure, formatting, or the relationship between its parts.
These are language systems that are specifically created for machine to human or human-to-machine communication. Examples include markup languages and programming languages, such as HTML, SQL and Python.
Phonetics: The study of the production, transmission, reception, and perception of speech sounds.
Phonology: The study of the sound systems of languages, including the patterns of phonemes, syllables, and prosody.
Morphology: The study of the structure of words and their forms, including affixes, roots, and stems.
Syntax: The study of the rules governing the structure of sentences and phrases in languages.
Semantics: The study of meaning, including how words and sentences convey meaning, and the relationships between different parts of language and their meanings.
Pragmatics: The study of how context affects the interpretation of language and communication, including issues of politeness, relevance, and implicature.
Computational linguistics: The application of computational techniques to the study of language, including natural language processing, machine translation, and speech recognition.
Language acquisition: The study of how children learn to use language, including the role of innate abilities and environmental factors.
Artificial language design: The creation of artificial languages, including constructed languages (conlangs) and programming languages.
Language evolution: The study of how human languages change over time, including the emergence of new languages and the development of dialects and language families.
"Markup is often used to control the display of the document or to enrich its content to facilitate automated processing."
"A markup language is a set of rules governing what markup information may be included in a document and how it is combined with the content of the document in a way to facilitate use by humans and computer programs."
"The idea and terminology evolved from the 'marking up' of paper manuscripts (i.e., the revision instructions by editors), which is traditionally written with a red pen or blue pencil on authors' manuscripts."
"Older markup languages, which typically focus on typography and presentation, include Troff, TeX, and LaTeX."
"Scribe and most modern markup languages, such as XML, identify document components (for example headings, paragraphs, and tables), with the expectation that technology, such as stylesheets, will be used to apply formatting or other processing."
"Some markup languages, such as the widely used HTML, have pre-defined presentation semantics, meaning that their specifications prescribe some aspects of how to present the structured data on particular media."
"HTML, like DocBook, Open eBook, JATS, and many others, is based on the markup meta-languages SGML and XML."
"One extremely important characteristic of most markup languages is that they allow intermingling markup with document content such as text and pictures."
"For example, if a few words in a sentence need to be emphasized, or identified as a proper name, defined term, or another special item, the markup may be inserted between the characters of the sentence."
"This is quite different structurally from traditional databases, where it is by definition impossible to have data that is within a record but not within any field."
"SGML and XML allow designers to specify particular schemas, which determine which elements, attributes, and other features are permitted, and where."
"Markup is often used to control the display of the document or to enrich its content to facilitate automated processing."
"Some markup languages, such as the widely used HTML, have pre-defined presentation semantics, meaning that their specifications prescribe some aspects of how to present the structured data on particular media."
"A markup language is a set of rules governing what markup information may be included in a document and how it is combined with the content of the document in a way to facilitate use by humans and computer programs."
"Most modern markup languages, such as XML, identify document components (for example headings, paragraphs, and tables), with the expectation that technology, such as stylesheets, will be used to apply formatting or other processing."
"The idea and terminology evolved from the 'marking up' of paper manuscripts (i.e., the revision instructions by editors), which is traditionally written with a red pen or blue pencil on authors' manuscripts."
"This is quite different structurally from traditional databases, where it is by definition impossible to have data that is within a record but not within any field."
"Older markup languages, which typically focus on typography and presentation, include Troff, TeX, and LaTeX."
"Markup is often used to control the display of the document or to enrich its content to facilitate automated processing."