- "Prejudice can be an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership." - "The word is often used to refer to a preconceived (usually unfavourable) evaluation or classification of another person based on that person's perceived personal characteristics."
A negative belief about a particular group of people or culture.
Definition of Prejudice: Understanding what prejudice means in its broadest sense is essential for anyone hoping to study this complex phenomenon. Prejudice refers to the hostile or negative feelings and beliefs that people hold about members of a particular social group.
Types of Prejudice: Different types of prejudices exist: racism, sexism, homophobia, ageism, ableism and religious discrimination, among others. These are fueled by similar psychological and social mechanisms.
Stereotypes: Stereotypes are assumptions that people make about others based on their membership to a certain social group. These assumptions can lead to generalizations, which may distort reality and perpetuate negative attitudes and behaviors.
Discrimination: Discrimination comprises the behaviors or actions that result from prejudices. Some people might be unfairly treated based on their ethnicity, race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or age, for instance.
Theories of Prejudice: Research has identified different theories that explain prejudice. The most commonly known of these theories are social identity theory, contact theory, and stereotyping theory.
Implicit Bias: Implicit biases are the attitudes and beliefs that people hold, but which are not necessarily conscious or intentional. These biases might affect how people process information, make decisions, interact with others, and represent social groups.
Historical Context: Prejudices are not formed in a vacuum but develop within specific historical contexts. Understanding the histories of social inequality is essential for tracing the emergence of present-day prejudices.
Cross-cultural Comparison: Different cultures hold different values and beliefs, which may affect how people perceive and treat others. Cross-cultural comparison helps us to explore these differences and similarities and how they shape prejudices and intergroup relations.
Intersectionality: Prejudices are also influenced by the intersectionality of social identity. Intersectionality deals with how individuals' multiple identities, such as race, gender, sexuality, and class, intersect and influence each other.
Mitigating Prejudice: As a society, we must continually find ways to counteract prejudices. Ongoing interventions, such as increased contact and education, have been shown to be effective in mitigating prejudice.
Racism: Discrimination based on race or ethnicity, often characterized by stereotypes and feelings of superiority or inferiority.
Sexism: Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's gender, often resulting in disadvantages or unequal treatment.
Homophobia: Prejudice or discrimination against individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Ableism: Discrimination or prejudice against individuals who have physical or mental disabilities, often resulting in marginalization or unequal access to resources.
Ageism: Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's age, often resulting in negative stereotypes and marginalization of older individuals.
Colorism: Discrimination or prejudice based on skin color, particularly within a particular racial or ethnic group.
Islamophobia: Prejudice or discrimination against individuals who identify as Muslim, often characterized by negative stereotypes about their religion or culture.
Anti-Semitism: Prejudice or discrimination against individuals who identify as Jewish, often characterized by negative stereotypes and beliefs.
Xenophobia: Prejudice or fear of individuals from different countries or cultures, often resulting in discrimination based on nationality or ethnicity.
Transphobia: Prejudice or discrimination against individuals who identify as transgender or gender non-conforming, often resulting in marginalization or unequal treatment.
- "Political affiliation, sex, gender, gender identity, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, culture, complexion, beauty, height, body weight, occupation, wealth, education, criminality, sport-team affiliation, music tastes or other perceived characteristics."
- "Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a 'feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience'."
- "Auestad (2015) defines prejudice as characterized by 'symbolic transfer', transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially-formed category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that category."
- "Resistance to change."
- "Overgeneralization."
- "The word 'prejudice' can also refer to unfounded or pigeonholed beliefs."
- "Unfavourable evaluation or classification of another person based on perceived personal characteristics." - "Resistance to rational influence."
- "Prejudice can be an affective feeling... favorable or unfavorable."
- "Prejudice can be an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership." - "Transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially-formed category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that category."
- "Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a feeling... prior to, or not based on, actual experience."
- "Race, ethnicity, complexion, beauty, height, body weight."
- "Occupation, wealth."
- "Political affiliation, sex, gender, gender identity, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, culture, complexion, beauty, height, body weight, occupation, wealth, education, criminality, sport-team affiliation, music tastes or other perceived characteristics."
- "Prejudice... may apply to 'any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence'."
- "Any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence."
- "Sport-team affiliation, music tastes or other perceived characteristics."
- "Language, nationality."
- "Education, criminality."
- None mentioned in the given paragraph.