"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The process of taking over another country or territory and exploiting it economically and socially.
European Exploration: The period of European exploration from the 15th century onwards, which set the stage for the colonial era.
The Slave Trade: The triangular trade of enslaved Africans between Europe, the Americas, and Africa, which played a significant role in the colonial economy.
Colonialism in the Americas: The establishment of European colonies in the Americas and their impact on indigenous peoples.
Colonialism in Africa: The scramble for Africa by European powers and the subsequent colonization of the continent.
Colonialism in Asia: The colonization of parts of Asia by European powers, including India and Southeast Asia.
The Impact of Colonialism: The lasting effects of colonialism on the colonies and their people.
Colonial History: The study of events, policies, and cultural practices in colonial societies.
Postcolonial Studies: The study of cultural, social, and political changes that occurred after the end of colonialism.
Colonialism and Literature: The study of the impact of colonialism on literature and how literature reflects and responds to imperialism.
Colonialism and Race: The study of racial hierarchy in colonial societies.
Colonialism and Gender: The study of gender relations in colonial societies and how colonialism impacted the rights and roles of women.
Colonialism and Law: The study of the legal systems established by colonial powers and their impact on the indigenous populations.
Colonialism and Economic Development: The study of colonialism's economic impact on colonized societies and its legacy on their development.
Cultural Imperialism: The study of how dominant cultures impose their values and beliefs on colonized societies.
Postcolonial Theory: The study of the critical theories that emerged out of the postcolonial experience.
Comparative Colonialisms: The study of the different colonial experiences of various imperial powers and the similarities and differences between them.
Mercantilist colonialism: This type of colonialism was based on the economic policy of mercantilism that emphasized maximizing the wealth and power of the mother country through the exploitation of the colonies' resources.
Settler colonialism: In this type of colonialism, people from the colonizing country migrate to the colony and establish permanent settlements, displacing and subjugating the indigenous populations.
Exploitation colonialism: This type of colonialism focused on the extraction of resources such as minerals, timber, and other raw materials from the colonies, with little or no regard for the welfare of the indigenous people.
Plantation colonialism: Plantation colonialism saw colonial powers establish large-scale agricultural plantations, particularly in tropical regions, to produce commodities such as sugar, coffee, and cotton for export to Europe.
Informal colonialism: This type of colonialism occurred when a powerful country exerted influence over a weaker country through economic, diplomatic, or other means, leading to de facto control over the weaker country.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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