"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The study of the different colonial experiences of various imperial powers and the similarities and differences between them.
Definition of Colonialism: An overview of the concept of colonialism, its historical roots, and the different forms of colonialism.
European Colonization: Study of the European colonization of diverse regions of the world, including the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
Imperialism and Capitalism: An analysis of the relationship between imperialism and capitalism, and how colonialism brought about significant economic changes worldwide.
Colonialism and Racism: An examination of how colonialism reinforced racial othering to justify domination, exploitation, and oppression.
Resistance and Revolt: A discussion of how colonized peoples resisted and rebelled against colonialism and what forms these rebellions took.
Cultural and Social Transformations: An exploration of how colonialism caused significant cultural and social changes that affected the lives of colonized peoples.
Gender and Colonialism: A study of how colonialism affected gender relations and power dynamics in colonial societies.
Environmental Impact of Colonialism: An analysis of how colonialism impacted the environment and natural resources in colonized areas.
Post-Colonialism: An overview of the post-colonial era, the complex process of decolonization, and the challenges faced by newly independent countries in the aftermath of colonialism.
Comparative Colonialism: A comparative study of the different colonial experiences and the unique features of each colonial context.
Settler Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the migration of settlers from the colonizing power to the colony in order to establish a new society with a distinct culture and identity.
Exploitation Colonialism: Exploitation colonialism primarily focuses on the extraction of natural resources, such as minerals, timber, and oil. The colonizing power aims to exploit the colony's resources to benefit its own economy.
Plantation Colonialism: Plantation colonialism involves the establishment of large agricultural plantations in the colony, primarily for the cultivation of cash crops such as tobacco, sugar, cotton or tea. The colonizing power relies on enslaved or cheap labor from the colony to operate these plantations.
Trading Post Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves establishing trading posts where goods and resources are bought and sold under the control of the colonizing power. Trading post colonies often lead to more extensive colonization as the colonizing power gains economic and political influence in the area.
Administrative Colonialism: Administrative colonialism refers to the takeover of the colony's government and administration by the colonizing power. This is often achieved through the establishment of direct rule or the subjugation of the local governing structure.
Neo-Colonialism: Neo-colonialism involves the continued control and domination of the economy and politics of former colonies by the former colonizing power or other developed nations.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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