"International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services."
The study of international trade and its effects on the economy.
International trade theory: Study of various theories and models that explain the functions of international trade, its growth, and its effects on the economy.
Trade policy: A government's strategic plan to regulate and influence trade activities between countries.
Comparative advantage: A theory suggesting that countries specialize in the production of goods and services that they can produce most efficiently, and then trade with other countries to acquire other necessary goods and services.
Tariffs and quotas: Barriers imposed on imported goods and services that make them more expensive, thereby reducing the quantity of goods imported.
Free trade agreements: Legal agreements between countries that eliminate or reduce barriers to free trade.
Foreign exchange markets: The marketplace where different global currencies are bought and sold.
Exchange rate regimes: Different approaches used by countries to regulate the exchange of their currencies.
Currency manipulation: Deliberate actions taken by countries to interfere with exchange rates, often to gain a competitive advantage in trade.
Intellectual property rights: Legal protection of intellectual property, such as patents, copyrights, and trade secrets.
Export financing: Financing options available to support the international expansion of businesses.
Global supply chain management: The coordination of goods and services across various countries and organizations.
Cultural considerations in international business: Understanding and adapting to cultural differences when conducting international trade.
E-commerce and online marketplaces: Online platforms that facilitate international trade.
Import/export regulations: Regulations set by governments to control the import and export of certain goods and services.
Political risk: The risk of political instability or adverse government action that can impact international trade.
Emerging markets: Developing countries with growing economies that offer opportunities for international trade.
Trade finance: Financial tools and services that facilitate international trade, such as letters of credit, export insurance, and factoring.
Logistics and transportation: The transportation of goods across borders, and the management of the logistics involved in international trade.
Compliance and ethics: Adhering to international trade regulations and ethical business practices.
Foreign investment: Investment in foreign countries, including the acquisition of assets, joint ventures, and partnership agreements.
"In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP)."
"While international trade has existed throughout history..."
"...factors like currency, government policies, economy, judicial system, laws, and markets influence trade."
"...for example Uttarapatha, Silk Road, Amber Road, scramble for Africa, Atlantic slave trade, salt roads..."
"...its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries."
"Carrying out trade at an international level is a complex process when compared to domestic trade."
"To ease and justify the process of trade between countries of different economic standing..."
"...some international economic organizations were formed, such as the World Trade Organization... These organizations work towards the facilitation and growth of international trade."
"Statistical services of intergovernmental and supranational organizations and governmental statistical agencies publish official statistics on international trade."
"...factors like currency, government policies, economy, judicial system, laws, and markets influence trade."
"Such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP)."
"...for example Uttarapatha, Silk Road, Amber Road, scramble for Africa, Atlantic slave trade, salt roads..."
"...its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise..."
"Carrying out trade at an international level is a complex process..."
"These organizations work towards the facilitation and growth of international trade."
"Statistical services of intergovernmental and supranational organizations and governmental statistical agencies publish official statistics on international trade."
"Factors like currency, government policies, economy, judicial system, laws, and markets influence trade."
"...process of trade between countries of different economic standing..."
"...its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise..."