Tariffs and quotas

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Barriers imposed on imported goods and services that make them more expensive, thereby reducing the quantity of goods imported.

Introduction to Tariffs and Quotas: This topic provides an overview of the main concepts and definitions in the field of international trade, including how tariffs and quotas work as trade barriers.
Types of Tariffs: There are several types of tariffs, including ad valorem, specific, and compound tariffs. This topic explains the differences between these types of tariffs and how they are calculated.
Effects of Tariffs: This topic explores the impact of tariffs on the economy, including effects on consumer surplus, producer surplus, and government revenue.
Tariff Rate Quotas: A tariff rate quota is a two-tier system that combines a quota and a lower tariff rate within that quota. This topic explains how TRQs work and their effects on trade.
Non-Tariff Barriers: This topic discusses trade measures that are not tariffs or quotas, including anti-dumping measures, subsidies, and technical barriers to trade.
Arguments for and Against Protectionism: There are many arguments for and against protectionism. This topic explores the main arguments on both sides and their impact on international trade.
WTO Rules on Tariffs and Quotas: The World Trade Organization regulates international trade, including tariffs and quotas. This topic explains the WTO rules on tariffs and quotas and their enforcement mechanisms.
Regional Trade Agreements: There are many regional trade agreements, such as NAFTA, the European Union, and the ASEAN Free Trade Area. This topic examines these agreements and their impact on global trade.
Tariff Negotiations: Tariff negotiations can take place bilaterally or through multilateral agreements such as the WTO. This topic explores the strategies and tactics involved in tariff negotiations.
Tariff Reduction and Elimination: Many countries pursue a policy of tariff reduction and elimination. This topic examines the motivations behind such policies and their impact on trade and economic growth.
Ad Valorem Tariff: A tax imposed as a percentage of the value of the imported product.
Specific Tariff: A tax imposed as a fixed amount per unit of the imported product.
Compound Tariff: A combination of specific and ad valorem tariffs on an imported product.
Absolute Quota: A maximum limit is placed on the total quantity of a specific product that can be imported.
Tariff Quota: A system where a certain amount of a product can be imported at a lower tariff rate, but any quantity above that attracts a higher tariff rate.
Voluntary Export Restraint (VER): A voluntary restriction on the quantity of goods that a country can export to another country.
"The economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations."
"Proponents argue that protectionist policies shield the producers, businesses, and workers of the import-competing sector in the country from foreign competitors."
"Protectionist policies shield the producers, businesses, and workers of the import-competing sector in the country from foreign competitors."
"Opponents argue that protectionist policies reduce trade and adversely affect consumers in general (by raising the cost of imported goods) as well as the producers and workers in export sectors, both in the country implementing protectionist policies and, in the countries protected against."
"Methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations."
"Protectionism is advocated mainly by parties that hold economic nationalist or left-wing positions (although paleoconservatives have also supported the practice)."
"Economically right-wing political parties generally support free trade."
"There is a consensus among economists that protectionism has a negative effect on economic growth and economic welfare."
"Free trade and the reduction of trade barriers have a significantly positive effect on economic growth."
"Some scholars, such as Douglas Irwin, have implicated protectionism as the cause of some economic crises, most notably the Great Depression."
"Although trade liberalization can sometimes result in large and unequally distributed losses and gains and can, in the short run, cause significant economic dislocation of workers in import-competing sectors."
"Free trade has advantages of lowering costs of goods and services for both producers and consumers."
"Protectionist policies reduce trade and adversely affect consumers in general (by raising the cost of imported goods)."
"Proponents argue that protectionist policies shield the producers, businesses, and workers of the import-competing sector in the country from foreign competitors."
"Opponents argue that protectionist policies reduce trade and adversely affect the producers and workers in export sectors, both in the country implementing protectionist policies and in the countries protected against."
"Methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations."
"Protectionism is advocated mainly by parties that hold economic nationalist or left-wing positions."
"There is a consensus among economists that protectionism has a negative effect on economic growth and economic welfare."
"Free trade has advantages of lowering costs of goods and services for both producers and consumers."
"Opponents argue that protectionist policies reduce trade."