"Health economics is concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value, and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare."
The study of the economics of health care and health outcomes.
Introduction to Health Economics: Overview of the discipline of Health Economics, including its major concerns, theories, concepts, and methods.
Healthcare Systems and Institutions: Understanding healthcare systems and institutions, including healthcare delivery, financing, organization, and regulation.
Healthcare Markets: Understanding healthcare markets, including demand, supply, competition, and market failure.
Health Technology Assessment: Evaluation of the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of health technologies, including drugs, devices, and procedures.
Economic Evaluation: Comparative analysis of different healthcare interventions in terms of their costs and health outcomes, using methods such as cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analysis.
Health Insurance: Analysis of health insurance mechanisms, including risk pooling, adverse selection, moral hazard, and insurance market regulation.
Health and Labor Markets: Analysis of the interplay between health and work, including the effects of health on labor supply, productivity, and earnings, and the effects of work on health.
Health Inequalities: Analysis of the causes and consequences of health inequalities, including socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic disparities in health outcomes and healthcare access.
Health Policy and Reform: Impact of health policy interventions, including government policies, regulations, and market interventions, on healthcare provision, financing, and outcomes.
"Health economics helps in determining how to improve health outcomes and lifestyle patterns through interactions between individuals, healthcare providers, and clinical settings."
"Health economists study health-affecting behaviors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity."
"One of the biggest difficulties regarding healthcare economics is that it does not follow normal rules for economics."
"Price and Quality are often hidden by the third-party payer system of insurance companies and employers."
"QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Years) is one of the most commonly used measurements for treatments, but it is very difficult to measure and relies upon assumptions that are often unreasonable."
"In healthcare, the third-party agent is the patient's health insurer, who is financially responsible for the healthcare goods and services consumed by the insured patient."
"A seminal 1963 article by Kenneth Arrow is often credited with giving rise to health economics as a discipline."
"Factors that distinguish health economics from other areas include extensive government intervention, intractable uncertainty in several dimensions, asymmetric information, barriers to entry, externality, and the presence of a third-party agent."
"Health economists evaluate multiple types of financial information: costs, charges, and expenditures."
"Uncertainty is intrinsic to health, both in patient outcomes and financial concerns."
"The knowledge gap that exists between a physician and a patient creates a situation of distinct advantage for the physician, which is called asymmetric information."
"Externalities arise frequently when considering health and health care, notably in the context of the health impacts as with infectious disease or opioid abuse."
"Making an effort to avoid catching the common cold affects people other than the decision maker."
"Finding sustainable, humane, and effective solutions to the opioid epidemic."
"Health economics helps in determining how to improve health outcomes and lifestyle patterns through interactions between individuals, healthcare providers, and clinical settings."
"Health economists study health-affecting behaviors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity."
"Price and Quality are often hidden by the third-party payer system of insurance companies and employers."
"Factors that distinguish health economics from other areas include extensive government intervention."
"Factors that distinguish health economics from other areas include extensive government intervention, intractable uncertainty in several dimensions, asymmetric information, barriers to entry, externality, and the presence of a third-party agent."