"The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life."
The study of the cellular components and their functions, including the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and organelles.
Cell Theory: The founding principle of modern biology, the study of the basic unit of life and the importance of its structural organization.
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells: Understanding the differences in cellular structure and function of bacteria and animal/plant cells.
Plasma Membrane: The separatory barrier between the cell and its environment, its composition, and its functionality.
Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance that fills most of the cell, its composition, and its role in cellular activities.
Cytoskeleton: A network of filaments and tubules that provide structural support to the cell and play a crucial role in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell motility.
Organelles: Various specialized structures within the cell that carry out specific functions, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that dictates cellular activities such as protein synthesis.
Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for the synthesis of energy-rich molecules via cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: A network of membranous tubules and sacs that serves as a site for protein synthesis and modification.
Golgi Apparatus: A complex of flattened membranous sacs that is involved in protein modification, sorting, packaging, and transport.
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes responsible for degrading unwanted cellular material.
Peroxisomes: Membrane-bound organelles involved in the breakdown and detoxification of organic compounds.
Vacuoles: Membrane-bound sacs that play a crucial role in various cellular processes such as storage, sequestration, and digestion.
Protein Synthesis: The multi-step process by which genetic information is converted into functional proteins.
Cellular Respiration: The metabolic pathway that breaks down energy-rich molecules into ATP, the primary source of energy for cellular activities.
Cell Cycle: The sequence of events that leads to cell growth, division, and reproduction.
Mitosis: The process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis: The process by which cells divide to produce gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes.
Gene Expression: The process by which information encoded in genes is converted into functional molecules such as proteins.
Signal Transduction: The process by which cells receive and respond to external signals such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors.
Cell membrane: It is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds and protects the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm: It is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.
Mitochondria: They are responsible for producing energy in the cell through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes: They are responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum: It is a network of membranes that helps in the transport of proteins and other materials within the cell.
Golgi apparatus: It sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other substances for delivery to their final destination within the cell or outside the cell.
Lysosomes: They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris within the cell.
Nucleus: It contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell and is responsible for regulating cell growth and division.
Nuclear membrane: It is a double layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton: It provides structural support to the cell and is responsible for various cellular movements.
Chloroplasts: They are found only in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting sunlight into energy.
Cell wall: It is found only in plant cells and provides structural support and protection to the cell.
Vacuoles: They are storage structures within the cell and are responsible for storing materials such as water, nutrients, and waste.
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites."
"The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'."
"Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as replication, DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility."
"Most plant and animal cells are only visible under a light microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres."
"Electron microscopy gives a much higher resolution showing greatly detailed cell structure."
"Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell such as bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals)."
"It has been estimated that the human body contains around 37 trillion (3.72×1013) cells."
"The human brain accounts for around 80 billion of these cells."
"The study of cells and how they work has led to many other studies in related areas of biology, including: discovery of DNA, cancer systems biology, aging and developmental biology."
"Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665."
"[Robert Hooke] named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery."
"Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells."
"Cells emerged on Earth about 4 billion years ago."
"The study of cells and how they work has led to many other studies in related areas of biology, including: discovery of DNA, cancer systems biology, aging and developmental biology."
"Cells are capable of specialization and mobility within the cell."
"Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility."
"Most unicellular organisms are classed as microorganisms."
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites."
"Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane."