This refers to policies that are formulated through collaboration between different levels of government to achieve common goals.
Federalism: The system of government where power is divided between a central government and various state or regional governments.
Intergovernmental Relations: The interactions between different levels of government in setting policies and addressing issues.
Public Administration: The management of public organizations and implementation of government policies.
Public Policy Analysis: The study of how policies are developed, implemented, and evaluated.
Policy Networks: The relationships and interactions between policymakers, interest groups, and other stakeholders in the policy-making process.
Policy Implementation: The process of translating policy goals into action through the activities of public agencies and organizations.
Policy Evaluation: The assessment of the effectiveness and impact of public policies.
Municipal government: Local government responsible for the administration of a city or town.
Planning and Development: The process of creating policies and programs to guide urban growth and development.
Housing Policy: The policies and strategies to address affordable housing, homelessness, and related issues.
Transportation Policy: The policies and strategies to improve transportation, reduce congestion, and promote sustainable mobility.
Education Policy: The policies and practices related to education in urban areas.
Health Policy: The policies and programs related to public health and healthcare in urban areas.
Environmental Policy: The policies and programs related to protection of natural resources, air and water quality, and sustainability.
Economic Development: Policies and programs to promote economic growth, job creation, and community development in urban areas.
Social Services Policy: Policies and programs to address social issues such as poverty, homelessness, and substance abuse.
Criminal Justice Policy: Policies and programs for the prevention and reduction of crime and the administration of justice.
Public Finance and Budgeting: The management of public funds and the preparation of government budgets.
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: The distribution of funds between different levels of government and the impact of fiscal policies on policy outcomes.
Policy Advocacy and Lobbying: Techniques used by interest groups and stakeholders to influence policy decisions and implementation.
Housing Policy: Government intervention in housing provision and financing to ensure that people have adequate and affordable housing options.
Transportation Policy: Planning and funding transportation infrastructure, including highways, public transportation, and bike paths.
Economic Development Policy: Efforts to create and attract business and industrial activities that boost local economies and create jobs.
Environmental Policy: Regulating pollution, protecting natural resources, and promoting sustainable development.
Education Policy: Providing funding and support for schools, vocational training programs and ensuring educational opportunities for all citizens.
Health Policy: Regulating healthcare providers, funding healthcare services, and promoting public health.
Crime Policy: Law enforcement, criminal justice, and crime prevention programs designed to keep communities safe.
Social Welfare Policy: Providing assistance to vulnerable populations such as children, elderly, disabled and minority groups through various programs aimed at ensuring their wellbeing and integration.
Poverty Alleviation Policy: Reducing poverty levels through distributive policies, such as job creation, access to education, and welfare programs.
Land Use Policy: Regulation of land use, zoning policies, and planning efforts to promote healthy living environments, and balanced development.
Climate Change Policy: Multi-faceted policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change through the promotion of renewable energy, carbon reduction practices, and adaptation measures.
Energy Policy: Promoting the development of a sustainable energy sector through regulation, financial incentives, and technological advances that promote renewable energy sources.
Immigration Policy: Regulating and managing migration flows into a country, including admitting individuals as residents or providing asylum to those fleeing persecution.
Cultural Policy: Efforts to promote cultural awareness and appreciation in diverse societies, through support for the arts, public events, and cultural heritage.
Water Management Policy: Managing the distribution and use of water resources, ensuring access to clean water, and preventing environmental harm.
Historical Preservation Policy: Preservation of historic and cultural landmarks, artifacts, and buildings for community enrichment and education.
Food Systems Policy: Promoting sustainable food production and distribution systems that promote healthy, accessible, and environmentally responsible food sources.
Social Equity Policy: Addressing social inequalities, including race, gender, income and other social factors through various programs aimed at improving accessibility and opportunities.
Foreign Policy: Policy objectives related to strategic alliances, global partnerships, and national security.
National Security Policy: Efforts to safeguard the nation and its citizens from terrorism or other external and internal threats.