"Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals."
Measures taken by one country to restrict trade or financial transactions with another country, often as a form of punishment or to compel political change.
Definitions and Types of Economic Sanctions: This topic provides an overview of the different types of economic sanctions, including trade embargoes, financial sanctions, arms embargoes, travel bans, and diplomatic sanctions.
Historical Context of Economic Sanctions: This topic discusses the historical context of economic sanctions, including their origins, evolution, and major events such as the Sanctions against South Africa and Iraq.
Motivations for Economic Sanctions: This topic explores the various motivations for imposing economic sanctions, including political goals, human rights concerns, national security interests, and economic factors.
Players in Economic Sanctions: This topic examines the different players involved in imposing and enforcing sanctions, including governments, international organizations, corporations, and individuals.
Economic Impact of Sanctions: This topic delves into the economic impact of sanctions on both target countries and imposing countries, including the effects on trade, investment, inflation, and economic growth.
Political Impact of Sanctions: This topic examines the political impact of sanctions, including domestic political consequences, international relations effects, and regime change.
Legal Framework for Economic Sanctions: This topic discusses the legal framework that governs economic sanctions, including international law and domestic legislation.
Sanctions Evasion Techniques: This topic explores the various techniques that target countries use to evade sanctions, including smuggling, front companies, and illicit financial transactions.
Success and Failures of Sanctions: This topic examines the success and failure of economic sanctions in achieving their intended objectives.
Alternatives to Economic Sanctions: This topic discusses alternative foreign policy tools to economic sanctions, such as diplomatic negotiations, military action, and humanitarian aid.
Comprehensive economic sanctions: These sanctions target an entire country and all its economic activities. They prohibit all imports and exports, investment, financial transactions, and other economic activities with the target country.
Partial economic sanctions: These sanctions target specific sectors or industries, such as energy, finance, or arms exports. They are more targeted than comprehensive sanctions and aim to limit the target's ability to fund or sustain its prohibited activities.
Sectoral sanctions: These sanctions target a particular industry or sector in a specific country. For example, the United States imposed sectoral sanctions on Russia's energy sector in response to its actions in Ukraine in 2014.
Smart sanctions: These sanctions target specific individuals or entities who are responsible for the prohibited activities. They aim to avoid harming innocent civilians or disrupting the economy of the targeted country.
Embargoes: These sanctions prohibit trade with a particular country, product, or group of products. For example, the United States imposed an embargo on Cuba, prohibiting trade in certain goods and services.
Financial sanctions: These sanctions target a country's access to international financial markets and prevent it from using the global financial system for any transaction. They can also target particular individuals or entities, freezing their assets and preventing them from using them.
Travel sanctions: These sanctions target specific individuals by preventing them from traveling to certain countries or obtaining visas. This type of sanction is often used against leaders or officials responsible for human rights violations.
Border sanctions: These sanctions control the import and export of goods across the border of a given country. For example, the United States imposes border sanctions on the import of products such as oil from North Korea.
Arms embargo: These sanctions prohibit the sale and transfer of weapons or arms to a particular country or region.
Diplomatic sanctions: These sanctions target a country's diplomatic relations with other countries. They can include the expulsion of diplomats or the suspension of diplomatic ties.
"Economic sanctions are a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor to change its behavior through disruption in economic exchange."
"Sanctions can be intended to compel (an attempt to change an actor's behavior) or deterrence (an attempt to stop an actor from certain actions)."
"This latter form of sanctions are sometimes called 'smart sanctions'."
"Prominent forms of economic sanctions include trade barriers, asset freezes, travel bans, arms embargoes, and restrictions on financial transactions."
"Since the mid-1990s, United Nations Security Council (UNSC) sanctions have tended to target individuals and entities, in contrast to the country-wide sanctions of earlier decades."
"The efficacy of sanctions in achieving intended goals is the subject of debate."
"The humanitarian impact of country-wide sanctions has been a subject of controversy."
"Economic sanctions are a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor to change its behavior through disruption in economic exchange."
"Sanctions can target an entire country or they can be more narrowly targeted at individuals or groups."
"United Nations Security Council (UNSC) sanctions have tended to target individuals and entities, in contrast to the country-wide sanctions of earlier decades."
"Economic sanctions... attempts to get an actor to change its behavior through disruption in economic exchange."
"This latter form of sanctions are sometimes called 'smart sanctions'."
"Prominent forms of economic sanctions include trade barriers, asset freezes, travel bans, arms embargoes, and restrictions on financial transactions."
"Economic sanctions are a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor to change its behavior through disruption in economic exchange."
"The humanitarian impact of country-wide sanctions has been a subject of controversy."
"Sanctions can be intended to... deterrence (an attempt to stop an actor from certain actions)."
"Since the mid-1990s, United Nations Security Council (UNSC) sanctions have tended to target individuals and entities, in contrast to the country-wide sanctions of earlier decades."
"Sanctions can be intended to compel (an attempt to change an actor's behavior) or deterrence (an attempt to stop an actor from certain actions)."
"The efficacy of sanctions in achieving intended goals is the subject of debate."