"The implementation of public policy, administration of government establishment, management of non-profit establishment, and a subfield of political science that studies this implementation and prepares people for working in the public sector and related fields."
This topic involves the study of the historical development of public administration, including its evolution from a form of government to a discipline in its own right.
Classical Public Administration Theory: This includes the works of management theorists like Max Weber, Henri Fayol, and Frederick Taylor. They laid the foundation for modern public administration by emphasizing the principles of rationality, bureaucracy, specialization, and efficiency.
Behavioral Public Administration Theory: This emerged in the 1950s and 1960s and challenged the assumptions of classical public administration. This theory focuses on the social and psychological factors behind decision-making, and emphasizes individual behavior and human relations.
New Public Administration Theory: This theory emerged in the 1970s and questioned the neutrality and objectivity of public administration. This theory argued that public administration must take a more critical stance towards issues of power, hierarchy, and social justice.
Postmodern Public Administration Theory: This theory came about in the 1980s and 1990s and focused on the importance of diversity and cultural contexts in public policy and administration. It emphasized the role of language, discourse, and representation in shaping public administration.
Public Choice Theory: This theory applies economic concepts to the study of public policy and administration. It argues that individuals and groups act in their own self-interest, and therefore public policies are a result of these interests.
Environmental Public Administration Theory: This theory focuses on the intersection of environmental policy and public administration. It emphasizes the importance of sustainability and the need to balance economic growth with ecological concerns.
Network and Collaborative Governance: This theory emphasizes the importance of collaboration and partnership between different actors in the public, private, and non-profit sectors. It argues that effective public administration requires a network of actors with shared goals and interests.
Digital Public Administration Theory: This theory focuses on the impact of technology on public administration, including issues like e-government, big data, and digital governance.
Comparative Public Administration: This field of study compares the structures, processes, and outcomes of public administration across different countries and contexts. It examines how different cultures, histories, and political systems shape public administration.
Public Leadership Theory: This theory focuses on the qualities and behaviors of effective public leaders. It emphasizes the importance of vision, communication, ethics, and innovation in public administration.
Classical Theory: Developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s, this theory emphasizes the need for a scientific approach to management and focuses on principles such as specialization, authority, and unity of command.
Behavioral Theory: Developed in the 1940s and 1950s, this theory emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior in the workplace and the impact it has on productivity.
Systems Theory: Developed in the 1960s, this theory views organizations as complex systems that are interconnected and interdependent, and emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to management.
Contingency Theory: Developed in the 1960s and 1970s, this theory emphasizes the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to management, and the best approach depends on the specific circumstances of the organization and the situation at hand.
New Public Management: Developed in the 1980s, this theory emphasizes the need for public organizations to adopt management practices from the private sector, such as performance measurement and accountability.
Network Theory: Developed in the 1990s, this theory emphasizes the importance of partnerships and collaborations between organizations, and the need for public organizations to work together to achieve their goals.
Governance Theory: Developed in the 2000s, this theory emphasizes the importance of citizen participation and engagement in public decision-making processes, and the need for public organizations to be accountable and transparent.
Public Service Motivation: Developed in the 2000s, this theory emphasizes the importance of public servants having a sense of duty and commitment to public service, and the impact this has on their behavior and performance.
"Government relations, regulatory affairs, legislative assistance, corporate social responsibility, environmental, social, governance, public procurement, public-private partnerships, and business-to-government marketing/sales."
"The field is multidisciplinary in character and includes pillars such as human resources, organizational theory, policy analysis, statistics, budgeting, and ethics."
"In the 1880s, civil servants and academics like Woodrow Wilson worked to reform the civil service system and bring public administration into the realm of science."
"Public administration plays an important role in our society as a course of government action in relation to public policy and is concerned with the organization and implementation of public policies for the welfare of the people."
"The focus of public administration is on public bureaucracy and accomplishing the goals and objectives formulated by political decision-makers."
"The concept of New Public Administration emerged during the Minnowbrook conference held at Syracuse University in 1968, presided over by Dwight Waldo."
"Public policy can be understood as the course of action or inaction by the government with regard to a particular issue or set of issues and is associated with formally approved policy goals, means, regulations, and practices."
"The relationship between public administration and public policy is that public administration carries out the implementation of public policy, which aims to achieve specific objectives for the welfare of the citizens."
"The nation's citizens' welfare is a major consideration in the formulation and implementation of public policies."