"Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment..."
The study of managing metropolitan and regional areas, including issues such as urban planning, economic development, and resource management.
Governance: This refers to the processes, structures, and principles used to manage a community or organization.
Public Administration: This is the study of governing bodies, public policies, and the methods used to manage public resources.
Leadership: This pertains to the qualities and abilities of individuals who lead and manage a group of people.
Regionalism: The concept of regions or geographical areas that share common characteristics such as cultural heritage, economic activities, and physical landscapes.
Urbanization: The process of growth and development of cities and urban areas.
Transportation Planning: The planning and management of transportation systems, including roads, railroads, and other modes of transportation.
Environmental Planning: The planning and management of the environment, including air and water quality, waste management, and conservation of natural resources.
Housing and Community Development: The planning and management of housing and community development programs.
Economic Development: The planning and management of economic development programs, including business recruitment and retention, workforce development, and the creation of new jobs.
Land Use Planning: The management of land use, including zoning, land use regulations, and urban design.
Infrastructure Planning: The planning and management of urban infrastructure such as water systems, power grids, and communication systems.
Social Services and Public Health: The planning and management of social services and public health programs, including healthcare, education, and social services.
Government Finance and Budgeting: The management of government budgets, including revenues, expenditures, and financial planning.
Intergovernmental Relations: The relationships between different levels of government, including federal, state, and local governments.
Public Policy Analysis: The analysis of public policies and their impact on society.
Centralized Governance: In this type of governance, the power resides with the central government, and it exercises control over the regions and urban areas.
Decentralized Governance: Decentralized governance refers to the delegation of power from the central government to the local municipalities and other local bodies.
Collaborative Governance: Collaborative governance is a type of governance where different stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and civil society organizations, work together to achieve a particular goal.
Participatory Governance: Participatory governance is a type of governance where citizens actively participate in the decision-making process related to urban and regional planning.
Market-Oriented Governance: Market-oriented governance is a type of governance where the focus is on creating a competitive business environment by providing incentives for private investment.
Network Governance: Network governance is a type of governance where different organizations and agencies work together to provide services and solve problems.
Hybrid Governance: Hybrid governance is a type of governance that combines different types of governance structures to achieve specific goals.
Adaptive Governance: Adaptive governance is a type of governance that uses a flexible and adaptive approach to respond to changing circumstances and challenges.
Smart Governance: Smart governance is a type of governance that utilizes technology and data to deliver services and solve urban and regional problems.
Resilient Governance: Resilient governance is a type of governance that focuses on building the capacity to withstand and recover from natural disasters and other challenges.
"...including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility."
"Many professional practitioners of urban planning, especially practitioners with the title 'urban planner,' study urban planning education, while some paraprofessional practitioners are educated in urban studies..."
"...others study and work in urban policy - the aspect of public policy used in the public administration subfield of political science that is most aligned with urban planning."
"Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements."
"The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities."
"Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom-lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards."
"In the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning."
"Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas."
"Urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste..."
"...a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance..."
"Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes."
"Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes aspects of civil engineering, architecture, geography, political science, environmental studies, design sciences, history, economics, sociology, anthropology, business administration, and other fields."
"Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation, and management."
"It is closely related to the field of urban design, and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings, and other urban areas."
"The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning."
"Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings, and public spaces."
"Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília, and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning."
"Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning."
"Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent."