"Qualia are defined as instances of subjective, conscious experience."
The subjective qualities or properties of mental states or sensory experiences, such as the taste of strawberry or the color red.
Epistemology: The study of knowledge acquisition and justification, which is important to understanding how we can know anything about qualia.
Consciousness: The subjective experience of awareness, which is closely related to qualia.
Phenomenology: The study of subjective experience, including how it is related to qualia.
Materialism: The philosophical viewpoint that everything can be explained in terms of physical matter, which has implications for how we understand qualia.
Idealism: The philosophical viewpoint that all reality is ultimately mental or spiritual in nature, which has implications for how we understand qualia.
Dualism: The philosophical viewpoint that both physical matter and non-physical substances (e.g. the soul) exist, which has implications for how we understand qualia.
Reductionism: The practice of explaining complex phenomena in terms of simpler, underlying components, which is important to understanding how we might explain qualia.
Non-reductive physicalism: The philosophical viewpoint that mental properties cannot be reduced to physical properties alone, which is important to understanding qualia.
Functionalism: The idea that the mind can be explained in terms of its functional processes, rather than in terms of its physical components.
Qualitative vs. quantitative properties: The distinction between qualities (such as colors, tastes, and smells) and quantitative properties (such as mass and length), which has implications for how we understand qualia.
Intentionality: The property of being about something, which is closely related to qualia.
Mary's room thought experiment: A thought experiment that asks whether a person who has only experienced black and white can truly understand the qualia of colors.
Hard problem of consciousness: The problem of explaining how subjective experience (including qualia) arises from physical processes in the brain.
Neutral monism: The philosophical viewpoint that there is only one type of substance in the universe, which can take on both physical and mental qualities.
Embodied cognition: The idea that the mind is not separate from the body, and that bodily experiences (such as sensations) are crucial to the formation of mental states (including qualia).
Enactivism: The idea that cognition arises from our interactions with the environment, rather than from internal mental processes.
Emergence: The principle that new properties or phenomena can emerge from the combination of simpler components, such as how qualia might emerge from physical processes in the brain.
Panpsychism: The philosophical viewpoint that consciousness is a fundamental aspect of the universe, which flows through all matter in some way.
The explanatory gap: The difficulty in explaining how qualia can arise from physical processes, as there seems to be a gap between the two.
Qualia inversion: The idea that it is possible for two people to have different qualia experiences even when they are experiencing the same physical stimulus.
Visual Qualia: The subjective experience of colors, shapes, and textures perceived through vision.
Auditory Qualia: The subjective experience of sounds, tones, and other auditory sensations.
Taste Qualia: The subjective experience of flavors, such as sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
Smell Qualia: The subjective experience of different odors and scents.
Touch Qualia: The subjective experience of sensations on the skin, such as pressure, temperature, and texture.
Emotional Qualia: The subjective experience of various emotions, including joy, fear, anger, and sadness.
Cognitive Qualia: The subjective experience of mental states, such as thoughts, beliefs, and memories.
Introspective Qualia: The subjective experience of being aware of one's own mental states and thought processes.
Time Qualia: The subjective experience of the passing of time and the feeling of duration.
Spatial Qualia: The subjective experience of space and distance, including location, orientation, and direction.
Social Qualia: The subjective experience of social interactions and relationships, such as empathy and trust.
Phenomenal Unity: The subjective experience of different Qualia being integrated into a unified, coherent experience.
"The term qualia derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis... meaning 'of what sort' or 'of what kind'."
"Examples of qualia include the perceived sensation of pain of a headache, the taste of wine, and the redness of an evening sky."
"As qualitative characteristics of sensation, qualia stand in contrast to propositional attitudes, where the focus is on beliefs about experience rather than what it is directly like to be experiencing."
"American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce introduced the term quale in philosophy in 1866."
"In 1929 C. I. Lewis was the first to use the term 'qualia' in its generally agreed upon modern sense."
"Frank Jackson later defined qualia as '...certain features of the bodily sensations especially, but also of certain perceptual experiences, which no amount of purely physical information includes'."
"Philosopher and cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett suggested that qualia was 'an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us'."
"Yes, the nature and existence of qualia under various definitions remain controversial."
"Much of the debate over the importance of qualia hinges on the definition of the term."
"Some philosophers of mind, like Daniel Dennett, argue that qualia do not exist."
"Other philosophers, as well as neuroscientists and neurologists, believe qualia exist."
"The desire by some philosophers to disregard qualia is based on an erroneous interpretation of what constitutes science."
"The Latin adjective quālis means 'of what sort' or 'of what kind' in relation to a specific instance."
"Qualia stand in contrast to propositional attitudes, where the focus is on beliefs about experience rather than what it is directly like to be experiencing."
"Qualia encompass certain features of the bodily sensations and perceptual experiences."
"Qualia have been described as 'something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us'."
"No amount of purely physical information includes the features of qualia."
"The importance of qualia is contingent upon the definition of the term."
"The debate over qualia involves the nature, existence, and certain features of qualia."