"Phenomenology is the philosophical study of objectivity – and reality more generally – as subjectively lived and experienced."
The study of subjective experience - what it is like to be in a particular mental state or have a certain type of conscious awareness.
Intentionality: Phenomenology is concerned with the intentional nature of consciousness, or how mental states are directed towards objects or things in the world.
Consciousness: Phenomenology is concerned with the nature of consciousness itself, examining how subjective experience is shaped by perception, thought, and emotional responses.
Subjectivity: Phenomenology explores the subjective nature of experience, questioning whether there is an objective reality beyond our experience of it.
Perception: Phenomenology examines how our perceptions are shaped by our embodiment, cultural and social experiences, and individual consciousness.
Embodiment: Phenomenology is concerned with the lived-body, exploring how our body and bodily sensations inform our experience of the world.
Time: Phenomenology is concerned with the experience of time, questioning whether there is a fixed, objective notion of time or whether our experience of time is subjective.
Space: Phenomenology examines our experience of space, questioning how we relate to our surrounding environment and how this shapes our perception of the world.
Emotion: Phenomenology explores the role of emotions in shaping our experience of the world, questioning how emotions can reveal hidden aspects of our experience.
Language: Phenomenology examines how language shapes our experience of the world, questioning whether language reveals reality or whether it constructs reality.
Existentialism: Phenomenology is closely associated with existentialism, examining the human condition and our search for meaning and purpose in life.
Hermeneutics: Phenomenology is concerned with how we interpret and understand our experiences, exploring the role of interpretation in shaping our subjective reality.
Ethics: Phenomenology is also concerned with ethical questions, examining how our experiences of the world inform our moral obligations and values.
Phenomenological Method: Phenomenology is not just a theoretical discourse, but also includes a method for exploring our experiences in a systematic way. The phenomenological method involves suspending our preconceptions and studying our experiences in a purely descriptive way.
Husserl and Heidegger: Phenomenology emerged as a distinct movement in philosophy in the early twentieth century, largely through the works of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, whose interpretations of phenomenology differ in many respects.
Phenomenology and Psychology: Phenomenology has had a significant impact on psychology, providing a way to explore subjective experiences and subjective reality, and challenging traditional views of psychology that focus on objective measures and behaviors.
Transcendental Phenomenology: This type of Phenomenology is associated with Edmund Husserl and focuses on the transcendental ego or the pure consciousness that is the basis for all experience.
Existential Phenomenology: Associated with Martin Heidegger, this type of Phenomenology focuses on the individual's experience of being in the world and the meaning that can be derived from that experience.
Hermeneutic Phenomenology: This type of Phenomenology focuses on the interpretive nature of human experience and the role of language in shaping our understanding of the world.
Enactive Phenomenology: This type of Phenomenology emphasizes the role of the body and bodily movement in shaping our perception and understanding of the world.
Cognitive Phenomenology: This type of Phenomenology focuses on the subjective experience of cognitive processes, such as reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving.
Neurophenomenology: This is a recent subfield of Phenomenology that seeks to integrate insights from neuroscience and Phenomenology to understand the relationship between subjective experience and brain activity.
"It seeks to investigate the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world."
"Aiming to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject, and to explore the meaning and significance of the lived experiences."
"This approach has found many applications in qualitative research across different scientific disciplines, especially in the social sciences, humanities, psychology, and cognitive science."
"But also in fields as diverse as health sciences, architecture, and human-computer interaction, among many others."
"Phenomenology is contrasted with phenomenalism, which reduces mental states and physical objects to complexes of sensations."
"And with psychologism, which treats logical truths or epistemological principles as the products of human psychology."
"Transcendental phenomenology, as outlined by Edmund Husserl, aims to arrive at an objective understanding of the world via the discovery of universal logical structures in human subjective experience."
"Other types include hermeneutic, genetic, and embodied phenomenology."
"There are important differences in the ways that different branches of phenomenology approach subjectivity."
"According to Martin Heidegger, truths are contextually situated and dependent on the historical, cultural, and social context in which they emerge."
"All these different branches of phenomenology may be seen as representing different philosophies despite sharing the common foundational approach of phenomenological inquiry."
"The application of phenomenology in these fields aims to gain a deeper understanding of subjective experience, rather than focusing on behavior."
"It seeks to investigate the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world."
"Aiming to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject, and to explore the meaning and significance of the lived experiences."
"All these different branches of phenomenology may be seen as representing different philosophies despite sharing the common foundational approach of phenomenological inquiry."
"But also in fields as diverse as health sciences, architecture, and human-computer interaction, among many others."
"This approach has found many applications in qualitative research across different scientific disciplines, especially in the social sciences, humanities, psychology, and cognitive science."
"Phenomenology is contrasted with phenomenalism, which reduces mental states and physical objects to complexes of sensations, and with psychologism, which treats logical truths or epistemological principles as the products of human psychology."
"The application of phenomenology in these fields aims to gain a deeper understanding of subjective experience, rather than focusing on behavior."