"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."
Examines the linguistic and social interactions between languages or dialects in contact, and the resulting changes in the languages.
Linguistic borrowing: The process by which one language adopts words or structures from another language.
Code-switching: The practice of alternating between one language or dialect and another in a single conversation or sentence.
Pidgin and Creole Languages: The formation of new languages as a result of contact between speakers with different languages or dialects.
Language shift: The process by which a community changes their primary language over time.
Language death: The extinction of a language due to the absence of speakers or other factors.
Contact-induced languages change: The ways in which languages change through contact with other languages or dialects.
Language contact and language change: The ways in which language change through contact with other languages or dialects.
The role of social factors in language contact: The impact that social factors such as economic, political, and cultural influences have on language contact.
Dialect leveling: The process by which variations within a language or dialect disappear as a result of contact with another language or dialect.
Linguistic accommodation: The process by which individuals change their language use in response to others in their linguistic environment.
Borrowing and the formation of new dialects: The process by which borrowing from another language or dialect can result in the formation of new dialects.
Language contact and language structure: The impact that contact with other languages or dialects has on the structure of a language.
Bilingualism: The ability to speak two languages fluently and the impact this has on language contact.
The effects of language contact on language development: The effects of language contact on the development of language in individuals and communities.
The history of language contact: The ways in which language contact has influenced the development of language over time.
Borrowing: It is a process in which a language borrows words, grammar structures, and phonetic features from another language.
Code-switching: It is a practice in which people switch between different languages, dialects, or registers within a single conversation or utterance.
Language shift: It is a phenomenon in which a community or a population abandons their native language in favor of another language.
Language death: It is a situation in which a language becomes extinct or no longer spoken by any native speaker.
Language revitalization: It is the attempt to revive or restore a language that is endangered or dying.
Contact-induced language change: It is a change in a language due to contact with another language, such as the adoption of new words, grammar structures, or phonetic features.
Pidginization: It is a process in which two or more languages are combined to create a new language with its own grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Creolization: It is a process in which a pidgin language becomes the first language of a community, and undergoes further development and expansion.
Sprachbund: It is a group of languages that have similar features due to geographical proximity and cultural contact, but are not necessarily genetically related.
Anglicization: It is the process of adopting English language or culture in a non-English-speaking society or population.
Arabization: It is the process of adopting Arabic language, culture, or religion in a non-Arabic-speaking society or population.
Russification: It is the process of adopting Russian language and culture in a non-Russian-speaking society or population.
L2 acquisition: It is the process of learning a second language, which may lead to the transfer of linguistic features from one language to another.
Language contact in multilingual societies: It is a complex phenomenon in which different languages coexist and interact in a given society, resulting in linguistic diversity and hybridization.
"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."
"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."
"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."
"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."
"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."
"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."
"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."
"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."
"The common products include...code-switching..."
"The common products include...mixed languages."
"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."