"Employment discrimination is a form of illegal discrimination in the workplace based on legally protected characteristics."
The study of laws that protect employees from discrimination in the hiring and firing process, as well as in promotions, pay, and working conditions.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: This law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC): The EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws that prohibit employment discrimination through investigation, mediation, and litigation.
Protected classes: Protected classes refer to groups of people who are protected against discrimination under federal law, including race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and genetic information.
Discrimination in hiring: This refers to acts of discrimination during the recruitment phase, such as screening candidates based on protected characteristics.
Adverse impact: Adverse impact refers to employment practices or policies that have a disproportionate impact on members of a protected class.
Harassment: Harassment in the workplace can take different forms, such as sexual harassment, racial harassment or bullying.
Retaliation: Retaliation refers to any adverse employment action taken against individuals who have filed a complaint or participated in a discrimination investigation.
Reasonable accommodation: Under federal law, employers must provide reasonable accommodations to employees or applicants with disabilities in order to enable them to perform their job duties.
Affirmative action: Affirmative action refers to proactive measures taken by employers to promote diversity and counter the effects of past discrimination.
Pre-employment inquiries: Employers must refrain from asking certain questions during the interview or application process that could be considered discriminatory.
Age discrimination: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits discrimination against individuals age 40 or older.
Disability discrimination: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations.
National origin discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's national origin or ethnicity is prohibited by federal law.
Pregnancy discrimination: The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Religious discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's religious beliefs or practices is prohibited by federal law.
Age Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's age, either younger or older, in regard to employment opportunities, payment or benefits.
Disability Discrimination: Discrimination based on physical or mental disabilities, as well as a history of such disorders.
Marital Status Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's marital status.
National Origin Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's country of origin or ancestry.
Pregnancy Discrimination: Discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Race Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's race, skin color, or ethnicity.
Religion Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's religious beliefs, practices, or affiliations.
Retaliation: Discrimination against an employee who has participated in or advocated against discriminatory practices at the workplace.
Sex Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's sex or gender, including sexual harassment and unequal treatment.
Sexual Orientation Discrimination: Discrimination based on an individual's sexual orientation, including homosexuality, bisexuality, or heterosexuality.
"Federal anti-discrimination law prohibits discrimination by employers against employees based on age, race, gender, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity), religion, national origin, and physical or mental disability."
"State and local laws often protect additional characteristics such as marital status, veteran status, and caregiver/familial status."
"Earnings differentials or occupational differentiation—where differences in pay come from differences in qualifications or responsibilities—should not be confused with employment discrimination."
"Discrimination can be intended and involve disparate treatment of a group or be unintended, yet create disparate impact for a group." Note: The following questions are for additional information that needs to be inferred or is not explicitly stated in the paragraph.
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