Discrimination in Education

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The study of laws that protect students from discrimination in schools and universities, as well as discrimination in scholarships, athletics, and extra-curricular activities.

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: This is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972: This is also a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): This is a federal law that mandates that all children with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education (FAPE).
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973: This is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): This is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, and other areas.
Affirmative action: This is a policy that seeks to promote diversity and equal opportunity by giving certain groups (e.g., minorities, women) preferential treatment in hiring or admissions.
Racial profiling: This is a practice where law enforcement officials target individuals based on their race or ethnicity.
Stereotype threat: This is a phenomenon where individuals who face negative stereotypes about their group's abilities experience anxiety and underperformance in situations where those abilities are relevant.
Implicit bias: This refers to attitudes or stereotypes that affect our perception, judgments, and actions in an unconscious way.
Intersectionality: This is a concept that describes how different types of discrimination (e.g., based on race, gender, class, etc.) can intersect and create unique experiences of oppression.
Cultural competence: This refers to the ability to understand and appreciate different cultures, and to work effectively with people from diverse backgrounds.
Multiculturalism: This is a perspective or approach that values and celebrates the diversity of different cultural groups, and seeks to promote understanding and respect among them.
Restorative justice: This is a philosophy and practice that emphasizes repairing harm, reconciling relationships, and rebuilding community after conflict or harm has occurred.
Critical race theory: This is a theoretical framework that critiques the ways in which race and racism are embedded in society and institutions, and seeks to challenge and change them.
White privilege: This is a term that describes the advantages and benefits that white people may receive in society due to systemic racism and historical oppression.
Microaggressions: These are small, subtle, and often unintentional acts or behaviors that convey a negative message or stereotype about a particular group of people.
Hate speech: This refers to speech that is intended to attack or demean a particular group of people based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.
Race Discrimination: This occurs when a person or group is treated differently because of their race or ethnic background.
Gender Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently based on their sex, gender identity, or sexual orientation.
Religious Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently based on their religious beliefs, practices, or affiliations.
Disability Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently because of a physical or mental impairment.
Age Discrimination: This occurs when a person or group is treated differently because of their age, usually in regards to employment or educational opportunities.
National Origin Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently because of their country of origin, ancestry, or cultural background.
Pregnancy Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently because of their pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical condition.
Language Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently because of their use of a particular language, often in educational or employment settings.
Socioeconomic Discrimination: This occurs when an individual or group is treated differently based on their financial status or social class.
Sexual Harassment: This occurs when an individual is subjected to unwanted sexual advances, comments, or conduct that interferes with their education.