"The term refers to non-criminal law."
Civil law governs private disputes between parties, including contracts, torts, and property rights.
Contracts: Covers the laws involved in creating and enforcing agreements between parties, including the elements of a contract, types of contracts, and breach of contract.
Torts: Covers laws related to civil wrongs, such as negligence, and product liability.
Property Law: Covers laws that govern ownership, transfer, and use of real and personal property.
Family Law: Covers laws that govern marital relationships, divorce, child custody, and child support.
Employment Law: Covers laws governing the relationships between employers and employees.
Corporate Law: Covers laws governing the formation and governance of corporations, including mergers and acquisitions, securities regulation, and bankruptcy.
Intellectual Property Law: Covers the laws that regulate trademarks, patents, copyrights, and trade secrets.
Personal Injury Law: Covers the laws involved in recovering damages for injuries resulting from accidents or intentional harm.
Civil Procedure: Covers the laws and rules regarding how civil cases are handled in court, including jurisdiction, pleadings, and motions.
Administrative Law: Covers laws that govern the actions of government agencies, including rule-making, adjudication, and enforcement.
International Law: Covers laws and treaties that govern relations between nations, including treaties, human rights, and international trade.
Alternative Dispute Resolution: Covers methods of resolving disputes outside of the courtroom, such as mediation and arbitration.
"The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contracts is part of the civil law, as is law of property."
"Civil law may, like criminal law, be divided into substantive law and procedural law."
"The rights and duties of persons (natural persons and legal persons) amongst themselves."
"It is often suggested that civil proceedings are taken for the purpose of obtaining compensation for injury, and may thus be distinguished from criminal proceedings, whose purpose is to inflict punishment."
"Yes, exemplary damages or punitive damages may be awarded in civil proceedings."
"Formerly, common informers used to sue for a penalty in civil proceedings."
"No, civil proceedings cannot be defined as those taken in civil courts, as some courts have both a civil and criminal jurisdiction."
"The burden of proof in civil proceedings is, in general—with a number of exceptions such as committal proceedings for civil contempt—proof on a balance of probabilities."
"The burden of proof requires the plaintiff to convince the court of the plaintiff's entitlement to the relief sought."
"The plaintiff must prove each element of the claim, or cause of action in order to recover." Note: I have provided answers to the questions based on the given paragraph, but some questions might require further information from external sources for a comprehensive understanding.