"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The study of human civilization during the period of expansion and colonization of various parts of the world.
Colonialism: The practice by which a powerful country extends its control over another territory or people, often for economic or strategic reasons.
Imperialism: The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
Mercantilism: An economic system in which a country's wealth is measured by its holdings of gold and silver, and trade is viewed as a zero-sum game in which one country's gain is another's loss.
The Atlantic Slave Trade: The forced transport of millions of Africans to the Americas to work as slaves in colonies and plantations throughout the New World.
Scramble for Africa: The period of intense European colonization of Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Opium Wars: A series of conflicts fought between China and Western powers over the trade of opium, which was used as a currency for Chinese tea and silk.
Cultural Assimilation: The process of forcing a colonized people to abandon their own culture and adopt the culture of the colonizing power.
Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride and devotion to one's country, often used as a tool by colonized people to resist foreign domination.
Decolonization: The process of a colony gaining independence from its colonizer, often marked by violence and political upheaval.
Neocolonialism: The practice of using economic, political, and cultural means to exert influence over a former colony even after it has gained independence.
Postcolonialism: The study of the cultural and political effects of colonization and the struggles of formerly colonized people to regain their cultural identities and political sovereignty.
Colonial Legacies: The enduring effects of colonialism on the political, economic, and social systems of formerly colonized countries, often characterized by uneven development, corruption, and instability.
Economic Imperialism: This subfield focuses on the economic activities of imperialism practices, including the exploitation of resources.
Cultural Imperialism: This subfield considers the cultural impact and control exerted over the colonized societies through colonialism.
Political Imperialism: This subfield studies the mechanisms, strategies, and impacts of political governance over the colonized societies.
Land and Territory Imperialism: This subfield examines the way in which colonialism impacted the land tenure and territories of the colonized societies.
Imperialism and Racism: This subfield focuses on the racial divides and socio-cultural consequences of imperialism practices on the colonized societies.
Imperialism and Gender: This subfield studies the gendered division of labor and socioeconomic systems influenced by imperialism practices.
Imperialism and International Relations: This subfield examines the geostrategic factors, actors, and relations influencing imperialism practices.
Environmental Imperialism: This subfield studies imperialism's impacts on the environment and sustainability.
Imperialism and Education: This subfield examines the educational policies, goals, and impacts of colonialism on the colonized societies.
Imperialism and Resistance: This subfield focuses on the ways in which colonized societies resisted and struggled against imperialism practices.
Technological Imperialism: This subfield studies the technology-related activities in imperialism during colonialism.
Imperialism and Language: This subfield examines the impact and the use of colonial languages during imperialistic practices.
Religious Imperialism: This subfield studies the role and impact of religion in colonialism.
Medical Imperialism: This subfield examines how the practice of colonial medicine impacted the colonized societies.
Postcolonial Studies: This subfield studies the socio-cultural, political, economic and linguistic impacts of colonialism on the colonized societies.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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