- "The Scramble for Africa is a term widely used by historians to describe the invasion, annexation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers during an era known as 'New Imperialism' (between 1833 and 1914)."
The period of intense European colonization of Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Berlin Conference: In 1884-85, European powers convened in Berlin to divide and regulate the colonization of Africa.
Colonialism: The political, economic, and social system of domination whereby a foreign country occupies and controls another sovereign nation.
Imperialism: The policy of expanding a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
King Leopold II: The King of Belgium who exploited the Congo for personal gain.
Indirect rule: A colonial administrative policy where local rulers and traditional leaders were used to govern and control people.
Direct rule: A colonial administrative policy where colonizers directly controlled and governed territories and people.
African resistance: The attempts made by African groups and leaders to oppose European rule and colonialism.
Scramble for Africa: Term used to describe the rapid colonization and division of Africa by European powers in the late 19th century.
Rubber boom: The exploitation of the Congo's natural rubber resources by European powers.
White man's burden: The idea that it was the moral obligation of Westerners to civilize and Christianize non-European peoples.
Slave trade: The transfer of African people to other countries as slaves, which had long-term effects on Africa.
Economic motives: The desire for resources, markets, and profits were significant in the colonial and imperialist ventures in Africa.
Social Darwinism: The idea that European nations were superior to non-European nations and that it was 'natural' for the strong to dominate the weak.
Creation of nation-states: The division and the creation of colonial boundaries broke up ethnic groups and led to the creation of new nation-states in Africa.
Classic Scramble for Africa: This refers to the period between 1884 and 1885 when European powers met in Berlin to divide the African continent among themselves.
Partition of Africa: Colonial powers used their military superiority and economic power to colonize African countries, leading to the division of Africa into different colonies for different European powers.
Informal Empire: This type of scramble for Africa refers to the economic takeover of African countries. European powers would control the economies of African countries without necessarily taking over their territories.
Sphere of Influence: European powers would claim exclusive trade rights to a specific geographic region in Africa, which would be considered their sphere of influence.
Neo-colonialism: This refers to the economic and political control of African countries even after the end of colonialism. European powers and their allies would still control the economies and politics of African countries even after granting them independence.
Settlement Colonization: European powers would establish permanent colonies in Africa and encourage migration of their people to these colonies to settle and rule over the native population.
Conquest: This type of scramble for Africa involved military force to subdue African populations and take over their territories.
Cultural Imperialism: European powers imposed their cultural practices, language, and belief systems on African populations, leading to the erasure of African cultural heritage.
Paternalism: European powers would claim to act in the best interests of native populations and use their superior knowledge and technology to govern African countries.
Economic imperialism: European powers would use their economic power to exploit African resources and labor, leading to the underdevelopment of African countries.
- "The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent."
- "The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually accepted as the beginning."
- "In the last quarter of the 19th century, there were considerable political rivalries between the European empires, which provided the impetus for the Scramble."
- "The later years of the 19th century saw a transition from 'informal imperialism' - military influence and economic dominance - to direct rule."
- "Most of Africa was decolonised during the Cold War period."
- "Only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent."
- "However, the old imperial boundaries and economic systems imposed by the Scramble still affect the politics and economy of African nations today."
- "The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually accepted as the beginning."
- "The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914."
- "New Imperialism (between 1833 and 1914)."
- "Most of Africa was colonized by seven Western European powers."
- "The transition from 'informal imperialism' - military influence and economic dominance - to direct rule."
- "Most of Africa was decolonised during the Cold War period."
- "Considerable political rivalries between the European empires provided the impetus for the Scramble."
- "The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually accepted as the beginning."
- "Only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent."
- "The old imperial boundaries and economic systems imposed by the Scramble still affect the politics and economy of African nations today."
- "The later years of the 19th century saw a transition from 'informal imperialism' - military influence and economic dominance - to direct rule."
- "The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914."