"Cancer immunotherapy is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving on the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease."
The use of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells.
Overview of Cancer Immunotherapy: This topic gives an introduction to the field of cancer immunotherapy and explains how the immune system can be used to treat cancer.
Immunology and Cancer Biology: This topic covers the basics of immunology and cancer biology, including the structure and functions of immune cells and the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell growth and survival.
Immune Checkpoints: This topic explains the role of immune checkpoints in regulating the immune response and how cancer cells can use these checkpoints to evade immune attacks.
Targeted Therapy: This topic covers targeted therapy, which involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells and spare healthy cells.
CAR T-cell Therapy: This topic explains CAR T-cell therapy, which is a type of immunotherapy that involves genetically modifying T-cells to attack cancer cells.
Tumor Microenvironment: This topic covers the tumor microenvironment, which consists of various cells and molecules that interact with cancer cells and can enhance or inhibit immune responses.
Epigenetics and Cancer Immunotherapy: This topic explains how epigenetic modifications can affect cancer cell growth and survival, and how epigenetic therapies can be used in combination with immunotherapy.
Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy: This topic covers biomarkers, which are measurable indicators of disease progression or response to treatment, and how they can be used to predict patient outcomes and guide treatment decisions.
Clinical Trials: This topic explains how clinical trials are conducted to test the safety and efficacy of new cancer immunotherapy treatments.
Immunogenetics: This topic covers immunogenetics, which is the study of genetic factors that contribute to the immune response and how they can influence cancer immunotherapy treatment outcomes.
Checkpoint inhibitors: These drugs block certain proteins that act as "brakes" on the immune system's ability to fight cancer cells.
T cell therapy: This approach involves genetically engineering immune cells called T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells.
Oncolytic viruses: Researchers are testing viruses that infect and destroy cancer cells, while stimulating the immune system to attack the tumor.
Cancer vaccines: Vaccines are substances that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Adoptive cell transfer: This approach involves removing T cells from the patient's blood, genetically modifying them to recognize cancer cells, and then reinfusing them back into the patient.
Immunomodulators: These drugs enhance or suppress the immune system to help it better fight cancer.
Monoclonal antibodies: These drugs are designed to bind to specific proteins on cancer cells, helping the immune system to recognize and destroy them.
CAR-T cell therapy: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy genetically modifies a patient's T cells to target and destroy cancer cells.
Nanoparticle-based therapies: These are experimental therapies that use nanoparticles to deliver drugs or genetic material directly to cancer cells.
"Tumor antigens are often proteins or other macromolecules on the surface of cancer cells. Modified immunotherapy antibodies bind to these tumor antigens, marking and identifying the cancer cells for the immune system to inhibit or kill."
"Cancer immunotherapy improves on the immune system's natural ability to fight cancer by stimulating it further."
"Cancer immunotherapy is based on the fundamental research of cancer immunology."
"Cancer immunotherapy is a growing subspecialty of oncology."
"The clinical success of cancer immunotherapy is highly variable between different forms of cancer."
"The antibody proteins of the immune system can detect tumor antigens."
"Normal antibodies bind to external pathogens, whereas modified immunotherapy antibodies bind to tumor antigens on cancer cells."
"Modified immunotherapy antibodies bind to tumor antigens, marking and identifying the cancer cells for the immune system to inhibit or kill."
"American immunologist James P. Allison and Japanese immunologist Tasuku Honjo received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation."
"In 2018, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of cancer therapy."
"Tumor antigens can be proteins or other macromolecules, such as carbohydrates."
"Certain subtypes of gastric cancer react well to the approach of cancer immunotherapy, whereas it is not effective for other subtypes."
"Cancer immunotherapy is sometimes referred to as immuno-oncology."
"Cancer immunotherapy stimulates the immune system to enhance its ability to fight cancer."
"The main goal of cancer immunotherapy is to inhibit or kill cancer cells."
"Cancer immunology is the area of research that has contributed to the development of cancer immunotherapy."
"Cancer immunotherapy exploits the fact that cancer cells often have tumor antigens on their surface."
"Cancer immunotherapy builds upon the natural ability of the immune system to fight cancer."
"The outcome of successful cancer immunotherapy is the treatment of cancer by leveraging the immune system's enhanced response."