"A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specializes in this field. The term 'botany' comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning 'pasture,' 'herbs,' 'grass,' or 'fodder'; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), 'to feed' or 'to graze'."
The study of plant life.
Plant Structure: Understanding the different parts of a plant and their functions, including leaves, stem, roots, flowers, and seeds.
Cell Structure and Function: Understanding the unique features of plant cells, such as cell walls, chloroplasts, and vacuoles, and how these structures contribute to plant growth and survival.
Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen, and the importance of this process for plant survival and the Earth's ecosystem.
Plant Growth and Development: The various stages of plant growth and development, including germination, vegetative growth, flowering, and reproduction.
Plant Taxonomy and Classification: Understanding the different types of plants, including their physical characteristics, genetics, and evolutionary history, and how to classify them based on these factors.
Plant Ecology: The study of how plants interact with their environment, including their relationships with other organisms, the impact of climate change and human activity on plant populations, and the importance of biodiversity.
Plant Physiology: The study of the biochemical and physiological processes that occur in plants, including hormone regulation, nutrient uptake and transport, and response to environmental factors.
Plant Genetics and Biotechnology: Understanding the basic principles of plant genetics and the application of biotechnology in plant breeding, genetic modification, and agriculture.
Ethnobotany: The study of how plants are used by different cultures for medicinal, cultural, or economic purposes, and the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and practices.
Plant Conservation and Restoration: The efforts to protect and restore plant species and ecosystems threatened by habitat loss, climate change, and other human activities.
"Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively..."
"Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants..."
"Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – plants that were edible, poisonous, and possibly medicinal..."
"Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants possibly having medicinal benefit."
"One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants."
"Efforts to catalogue and describe their collections were the beginnings of plant taxonomy..."
"...and led in 1753 to the binomial system of nomenclature of Carl Linnaeus that remains in use to this day for the naming of all biological species."
"...new techniques were developed for the study of plants, including methods of optical microscopy and live cell imaging, electron microscopy, analysis of chromosome number, plant chemistry and the structure and function of enzymes and other proteins."
"Botanists exploited the techniques of molecular genetic analysis, including genomics and proteomics and DNA sequences to classify plants more accurately."
"Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with contributions and insights from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy."
"Dominant themes in 21st-century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which study the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues."
"Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity." Please note that the given paragraph is quite extensive, so it was challenging to find direct quotes for all 20 questions. However, I provided relevant quotes for the majority of the questions.