The relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO in creating a properly exposed image.
Aperture: The size of the opening through which light enters the camera lens. The aperture setting determines the amount of light that reaches the camera sensor, as well as the depth of field of the resulting photograph.
Shutter Speed: The amount of time that the camera's shutter remains open, allowing light to reach the camera sensor. Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second, and determines how motion is captured in the resulting photograph.
ISO: The camera sensor's sensitivity to light. ISO settings determine the amount of noise or grain present in the resulting photograph, as well as the overall brightness of the image.
Exposure Value (EV): A numerical representation of the amount of light that reaches the camera sensor. EV settings are used to adjust the overall exposure of the resulting photograph, and can be adjusted using a combination of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO settings.
Metering Modes: Different methods used by the camera to measure the amount of light in a scene. Common metering modes include center-weighted average, spot metering, and matrix metering.
Depth of Field: The amount of distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that are in focus in the resulting photograph. Depth of field is primarily determined by the aperture setting.
Motion Blur: The appearance of blurring in a moving object in the resulting photograph. Motion blur is primarily determined by the shutter speed setting.
Low Light Photography: Techniques for capturing clear and well-exposed photographs in low light conditions, typically using a combination of high ISO, wide aperture, and slow shutter speeds.
White Balance: The color temperature of the light sources in a scene. White balance settings are used to adjust the color temperature of the resulting photograph to match the ambient lighting conditions.
Exposure Compensation: A setting that allows photographers to adjust the overall exposure of the resulting photograph up or down by a certain number of stops, either manually or automatically.
Aperture Priority Mode: In Aperture Priority mode, the aperture is set manually and the camera selects the correct shutter speed based on the aperture setting and light in the scene.
Shutter Priority Mode: In Shutter Priority mode, the shutter speed is set manually, and the camera selects the correct aperture based on the shutter speed and light in the scene.
Manual Mode: In Manual mode, both aperture and shutter speed are set manually, and the ISO may be adjusted to achieve the desired exposure.
Program Mode: In Program mode, both aperture and shutter speed are set automatically by the camera, but the ISO can be adjusted to achieve the desired exposure.
Auto Mode: In Auto mode, the camera automatically sets everything, including aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, to achieve the desired exposure.
Manual Exposure Compensation: In Manual Exposure Compensation mode, the photographer manually adjusts the exposure settings based on their experience and artistic vision.
Creative Exposure Techniques: Various creative exposure techniques, such as long exposure, HDR, and night photography, require specialized settings to achieve the desired result. These techniques involve adjusting the exposure triangle for specific effects, such as capturing motion blur, better dynamic range or low light.