"Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment..."
Focuses on the development of policies and plans for effective transportation in urban areas, including public transit systems, walking and biking infrastructure, and traffic management strategies.
Transportation Policy and Planning: Study of the transportation policy frameworks and planning processes, including how concepts and techniques of transportation planning are applied in practice and how policies are developed and implemented.
Transportation Systems Analysis: Study of the mathematical models used to identify, quantify, and evaluate the transportation systems, as well as techniques used to analyze transportation data and measure travel behavior.
Land Use and Transportation Planning: Study of the interactions between land use and transportation, including how they influence each other and how land use policies can shape transportation outcomes.
Transportation Economics: Study of the economic principles underlying transportation planning and policy, including cost-benefit analysis, pricing strategies, and market analysis.
Transportation Safety: Study of the methods used to identify and mitigate transportation safety issues, including crash analysis, safety assessments, and safety management strategies.
Sustainable Transportation: Study of the concepts and techniques used to promote sustainable urban transportation, including strategies to reduce air pollution, GHG emissions, and traffic congestion.
Public Transportation Planning: Study of the planning and design of public transit systems, including bus, rail, and other modes of transportation, as well as transit-oriented development and integration with other modes of transportation.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning: Study of the planning and design of bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, including bike lanes, cycle tracks, sidewalks, and crosswalks, as well as safety and equity issues related to active transportation.
Intelligent Transportation Systems: Study of the advanced technologies used to collect, analyze, and disseminate transportation data, as well as applications of these technologies to improve transportation safety, efficiency, and sustainability.
Public Involvement and Engagement: Study of the methods used to engage stakeholders and the public in transportation planning and decision-making processes, including outreach techniques, public participation methods, and community-based planning strategies.
"...including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility."
"Many professional practitioners of urban planning, especially practitioners with the title 'urban planner,' study urban planning education, while some paraprofessional practitioners are educated in urban studies..."
"...others study and work in urban policy - the aspect of public policy used in the public administration subfield of political science that is most aligned with urban planning."
"Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements."
"The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities."
"Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom-lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards."
"In the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning."
"Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas."
"Urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste..."
"...a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance..."
"Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes."
"Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes aspects of civil engineering, architecture, geography, political science, environmental studies, design sciences, history, economics, sociology, anthropology, business administration, and other fields."
"Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation, and management."
"It is closely related to the field of urban design, and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings, and other urban areas."
"The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning."
"Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings, and public spaces."
"Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília, and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning."
"Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning."
"Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent."