Quote: "A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets."
Explains the essential parts of a tram and their functions, such as the track, wheels, brakes, couplers, pantographs, and control systems. It also covers their maintenance, repair, and replacement, as well as safety measures to prevent accidents.
Tram system overview: Introduction to the basic components of tram systems, such as tracks, catenary wires, and trams.
Track components: Detailed information about the rails, sleepers, and other hardware used to construct tram tracks.
Catenary system: An overview of the overhead power supply system, including wires, poles, and insulators, that powers trams.
Tram cars: A discussion about the different types of tram cars, including single and double-decker trams, articulated trams, and tram-trains.
Tram maintenance: A description of the regular and preventive maintenance activities required for trams, such as cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn parts.
Tram control systems: An explanation of the computerized systems that govern tram movements and the various sensors and controls involved.
Tram power systems: A detailed overview of the power systems that support trams, including battery-electric, diesel-electric, and hybrid engines.
Tram braking systems: A discussion of the different types of brakes used on trams, including regenerative and hydraulic brakes.
Tram safety systems: Information about the various safety features and systems that protect both passengers and operators.
Tram accessibility: A description of the measures taken to ensure access to trams for people with disabilities, including boarding ramps and wheelchair spaces.
Tram signaling and communications: A discussion of the signaling and communication systems that allow trams to communicate with each other and with traffic signals.
Tram fare systems: A description of the various fare collection systems used on trams, such as smart cards and ticket machines.
Tram network planning: An overview of the process involved in planning tram networks, including route selection and passenger demand analysis.
Tram customer service: An explanation of the measures taken to ensure a pleasant customer experience, such as onboard info systems, staff training, and customer feedback mechanisms.
Tram sustainability: A discussion of the environmental benefits of trams, such as reduced carbon emissions, noise pollution, and traffic congestion.
Tramcar body: The main structure of the tram that houses passengers.
Bogie: The framework that supports the tramcar and wheels.
Axle: The shaft on which the wheels are mounted.
Wheels: The circular objects that roll on rails.
Traction motor: The motor that provides power to the wheels.
Pantograph: The device that collects electricity from overhead wires.
Electrical systems: The components that control and distribute electricity throughout the tram.
Brakes: The mechanism that slows down or stops the tram.
Driver's cab: The compartment where the driver controls the tram.
Passenger doors: The doors that allow passengers to enter and exit the tram.
Interiors: The seats, lighting, and other amenities inside the tram.
Communication systems: The devices that enable communication between the driver and passengers or other trams.
Safety systems: The components that ensure the safe operation of the tram, including emergency brakes and fire suppression.
Signage and route information: The displays that provide information about the route, stops, and schedules to passengers.
Suspension: The system that cushions the tram from bumps and vibrations on the rails.
Quote: "The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are called tramways or simply trams/streetcars."
Quote: "Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line."
Quote: "Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains."
Quote: "Occasionally, trams also carry freight."
Quote: "Trams are now commonly included in the wider term 'light rail', which also includes grade-separated systems."
Quote: "Ultra Light Rail ULR trains are trams of a developing light weight rail type, around <5T/axle (empty), for use in smaller cities and towns to replace main bus routes."
Quote: "They offer all the advantages of traditional trams but their lower weight, prefabricated beam type tracks offer the possibility of avoiding costly services diversions."
Quote: "One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the trams to haul a greater load for a given effort."
Quote: "Improvements in other vehicles such as buses led to decline of trams in the mid 20th century."
Quote: "However, trams have seen resurgence in recent years."
Quote: "Lightweight OHL Over Head Lines and/or onboard power options e.g. hydrogen, biomethane, battery, may mean reduced/eliminated OHL."
Quote: "Thus installation costs may be lower than traditional trains and trams."
Quote: "A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America)..."
Quote: "Tramlines or networks operated as public transport are called tramways or simply trams/streetcars."
Quote: "Usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line."
Quote: "Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains."
Quote: "If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets and diesel in more rural environments."
Quote: "Their lower weight, prefabricated beam type tracks offer the possibility of avoiding costly services diversions."
Quote: "Onboard power options e.g. hydrogen, biomethane, battery, may mean reduced/eliminated OHL."