"Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft."
The study of human physiology and performance in space, and the challenges and opportunities of long-duration space missions.
Brief history of human spaceflight: A chronological overview of the significant events in human spaceflight, including the first missions, notable achievements, and setbacks.
Spacecraft design and components: An introduction to the design and function of spacecraft components, including propulsion, life support, communication, power, and guidance systems.
The physics of spaceflight: An overview of the scientific principles that enable human spaceflight, including orbital mechanics, gravity, and radiation.
Crew selection and training: An explanation of the criteria and process for selecting and training individuals for space missions, including physical and psychological fitness, teamwork, and specialized skills.
Mission planning and execution: A guide to the process of planning and executing space missions, including launch preparation, mission control, communication, and handling emergencies.
Impact of spaceflight on human health: An examination of the effects of spaceflight on human physiology and psychology, including changes to bone density, muscle mass, cardiovascular health, and mental health.
International cooperation in space: An overview of the history and benefits of international cooperation in space exploration, including joint missions, partnerships on space station projects, and collaborative research initiatives.
Space policy and funding: An analysis of the political and economic factors that influence space exploration, including government policies, public-private partnerships, and funding challenges.
Future of human spaceflight: A discussion of emerging technologies and trends that are shaping the future of human spaceflight, including plans for missions to Mars, commercial space tourism, and the prospects for long-term habitation in space.
"Spacecraft can also be remotely operated from ground stations on Earth, or autonomously, without any direct human involvement."
"People trained for spaceflight are called astronauts (American or other), cosmonauts (Russian), or taikonauts (Chinese)."
"The first human in space was Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin."
"Yuri Gagarin... launched as part of the Soviet Union's Vostok program on 12 April 1961."
"Alan Shepard became the first American in space."
"On 5 May 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space."
"Humans traveled to the Moon nine times between 1968 and 1972 as part of the United States' Apollo program."
"Humans have had a continuous presence in space for 22 years and 316 days on the International Space Station (ISS)."
"On 15 October 2003, the first Chinese taikonaut, Yang Liwei, went to space as part of Shenzhou 5, the first Chinese human spaceflight."
"On 15 October 2003, the first Chinese taikonaut, Yang Liwei, went to space as part of Shenzhou 5, the first Chinese human spaceflight."
"As of June 2023, humans have not traveled beyond low Earth orbit since the Apollo 17 lunar mission in December 1972."
"Currently, the United States, Russia, and China are the only countries with public or commercial human spaceflight-capable programs."
"Non-governmental spaceflight companies have been working to develop human space programs of their own, e.g. for space tourism or commercial in-space research."
"The first private human spaceflight launch was a suborbital flight on SpaceShipOne on June 21, 2004."
"The first commercial orbital crew launch was by SpaceX in May 2020."
"The first commercial orbital crew launch was by SpaceX in May 2020, transporting NASA astronauts to the ISS under United States government contract."
"The first commercial orbital crew launch was by SpaceX in May 2020."
"The first private human spaceflight launch was a suborbital flight."
"The first commercial orbital crew launch was by SpaceX in May 2020, transporting NASA astronauts to the ISS under United States government contract."