The process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, customs, and values of their culture.
Socialization: This is the process through which individuals learn and internalize cultural norms and values, as well as their roles in society.
Agents of socialization: These are the social institutions and individuals that play a role in transmitting cultural values and beliefs. Examples include family, schools, peers, media, and religion.
Socialization theories: These are the various perspectives that attempt to explain how socialization occurs, including functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories.
Gender socialization: This is the process through which individuals learn about gender roles and expectations, and how to behave in accordance with gender norms.
Racial and ethnic socialization: This is the process through which individuals learn about their own and others’ racial and ethnic identities and the associated cultural norms and expectations.
Class socialization: This is the process through which individuals learn about their social class and the associated cultural values, beliefs, and behaviors.
Socialization across the life course: This refers to the changes and continuities in socialization over the course of an individual’s lifetime, from infancy to old age.
Socialization and deviance: This explores the role of socialization in shaping attitudes toward and engagement in deviant behavior, as well as the effectiveness of socialization in preventing deviance.
Socialization and culture: This examines how socialization contributes to the creation and transmission of cultural beliefs, values, and practices.
Socialization and social control: This explores how socialization helps to regulate behavior and maintain social order in society.
Socialization and globalization: This examines the impact of globalization on cultural norms and values, and how socialization is affected by global cultural exchanges.
Socialization and identity: This explores how socialization contributes to the development of individual and group identities, and how identity shapes socialization.
Socialization and diversity: This examines how socialization is impacted by and contributes to diversity, including differences in race, ethnicity, gender, class, and other social identities.
Socialization and social change: This explores how socialization can be used as a tool for social change, including efforts to combat inequality, discrimination, and injustice.
Primary Socialization: The process of learning cultural values and norms from family members and close associates during childhood.
Secondary socialization: The process of learning cultural values and norms from outside sources such as schools, media, and popular culture.
Anticipatory socialization: The process of learning to assume a role in the future – for example, preparing for a job or a marriage.
Resocialization: The process of “unlearning” old values and norms and learning new ones in order to take on a new role or identity.
Reverse socialization: When children or young people instruct adults about recent technological changes or knowledge.
Forced Socialization: Refers to the way in which those who are involuntarily institutionalized are often expected to adopt the values and norms of the institution.
Informal socialization: Refers to the minor messages, small gestures, and informal warnings (or rewards) that happen between people.
Formal socialization: Refers to the messages and norms conveyed through formal rules, laws, and regulations.
Positive socialization: Refers to the type of socialization that leads to the adoption of desirable attitudes, values, and behaviors.
Negative socialization: Refers to the type of socialization that leads to the adoption of undesirable attitudes, values, and behaviors.
Group socialization: Refers to the way in which people learn and adopt values and norms from belonging to a particular group.
Individual socialization: Refers to the individual’s unique process of internalizing cultural values and norms.
Collective socialization: Refers to the process through which a group develops shared values and norms.
Cohort Socialization: Refers to socialization as shared processes, identities or experiences that people born within a given time period have in common that shape their perspectives throughout their lives.
Global Socialization: Refers to the ways in which people learn about their own societies and cultures in relation to the global community.
Professional Socialization: Refers to the process of instilling professional standards, knowledge, and skills into individuals who are preparing to enter a particular profession.
Gender socialization: Refers to the process through which individuals learn and internalize gender roles and expectations.
Racial and Ethnic Socialization: Refers to the process through which individuals learn to understand and navigate racial and ethnic identities and cultural differences.
Sexual socialization: Refers to the process through which individuals learn about sexual behaviors, attitudes, and values.
Political Socialization: Refers to the process through which individuals learn about political ideologies, structures, and practices.""".