"Science policy is concerned with the allocation of resources for the conduct of science towards the goal of best serving the public interest."
A study of the various tools and measures used by governments and other stakeholders to promote scientific research and technological development.
Science and Technology Policy: An introduction to the field of science and technology policy, including its history, goals, and principles.
Policy Instruments: An overview of the different types of policy instruments used in science and technology policy, including regulation, incentives, subsidies, and public-private partnerships.
Innovation and Technology Transfer: Ways in which science and technology innovation takes place, and how innovation can be transferred from academia to industry.
Intellectual Property: Policies around patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property protection, and their impact on innovation and technological development.
Research and Development (R&D): The role of government funding in supporting R&D, and the various approaches used in different countries.
Science Communication: Strategies for communicating science and technology information to the public, including the role of science journalists and social media.
Ethics in Science and Technology: The ethical implications of science and technology policy decisions, including issues such as privacy, genetic engineering, and artificial intelligence.
International Science and Technology Policy: The role of international organizations and treaties in shaping science and technology policies, including the World Intellectual Property Organization and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Technology Assessment: The process of evaluating the potential risks and benefits of new technologies before they are developed or deployed.
Science Education and Workforce Development: Strategies for developing a highly skilled science and technology workforce, such as science education and training programs.
Science Diplomacy: The role of science and technology in promoting international cooperation and resolving disputes through scientific collaboration.
Science and Technology in Developing Countries: Ways in which science and technology policies are adapted to the specific needs of developing countries, including policies aimed at addressing health and economic development.
Science and Society: The interaction between science and society in shaping science policy, including public perceptions of science, risk communication, and citizen participation in policy-making processes.
Industry-Academia Collaboration: Strategies for promoting collaboration between the private sector and academia to promote innovation and technology transfer.
Research and Development (R&D) Grants: A financial award given to an organization or individual to support its efforts in developing new technology or advancing scientific research.
Tax credits: An incentive offered to businesses or individuals to encourage investment in R&D activities.
Technology Transfer: The process of transferring scientific or technological innovations from universities and research organizations to businesses and industries for commercialization.
Patents and Intellectual Property protection: Legal rights granted by the government for the exclusive use of an invention or creative work; designed to protect the rights of inventors and encourage innovation.
Science and technology education: Policy interventions that support the development of educational programs focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
Export control: A policy that regulates the export of sensitive technologies, products, and services to protect national security and the economy.
Standardization: Policies that develop technical standards and certification programs to ensure quality and safety of products and services.
Science Diplomacy: The use of scientific and technical cooperation to promote international collaboration and address global challenges.
Government Procurement: Policies that encourage the purchase of technology and products from small and innovative companies to create a market for startup innovators.
Science communication: Activities and programs designed to promote understanding and public awareness of scientific findings and their implications.
Regulatory policies: Standards and guidelines created and enforced by regulatory agencies to ensure safety, security, and ethical use of technology.
International cooperation in science and technology: Treaties, agreements, and other international initiatives to promote cooperation in scientific research, technology transfer, and innovation.
Innovation clusters/Science Parks: Geographic concentration of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field that share resources and knowledge to encourage innovation.
Venture Capital: A form of private equity financing that is provided to startups or early-stage companies with high growth potential.
Research and Development tax incentives: Tax credits, deductions, and other incentives designed to provide companies with support to conduct research and development activities.
Science Funding: Government funding provided to support scientific research in universities, research institutions, and private industry.
"Topics include the funding of science, the careers of scientists, and the translation of scientific discoveries into technological innovation to promote commercial product development, competitiveness, economic growth and economic development."
"Science policy focuses on knowledge production and role of knowledge networks, collaborations, and the complex distributions of expertise, equipment, and know-how."
"Understanding the processes and organizational context of generating novel and innovative science and engineering ideas is a core concern of science policy."
"Science policy topics include weapons development, health care, and environmental monitoring."
"A large and complex web of factors influences the development of science and engineering that includes government science policymakers, private firms, social movements, media, non-governmental organizations, universities, and other research institutions."
"Science policy is increasingly international as defined by the global operations of firms and research institutions as well as by the collaborative networks of non-governmental organizations and of the nature of scientific inquiry itself." Quotes: